{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T21:24:54Z","timestamp":1781299494012,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1501200000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000065","name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000065","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the diaphragm and chest wall dynamics with cine breathing magnetic resonance imaging (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content>) in ambulatory boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>) without respiratory symptoms and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In 11 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> boys and 15 controls, cine <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> of maximal breathing was recorded for 10\u00a0sec. The lung segmentations were done by an automated pipeline based on a Holistically\u2010Nested Network model (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNN<\/jats:styled-content> method). Lung areas, diaphragm, and chest wall motion were measured throughout the breathing cycle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HNN<\/jats:styled-content> method reliably identified the contours of the lung and the diaphragm in every frame of each dataset (~180 frames) within seconds. The lung areas at maximal inspiration and expiration were reduced in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients relative to controls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.02 and &lt;0.01, respectively). The change in the lung area between inspiration and expiration correlated with percent predicted forced vital capacity (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FVC<\/jats:styled-content>) in patients (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic><jats:sub><jats:italic>s<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sub>\u00a0=\u00a00.75, <jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>=<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.03) and was not significantly different between groups. The diaphragm position, length, contractility, and motion were not significantly different between groups. Chest wall motion was reduced in patients compared to controls (<jats:italic>P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>&lt;<jats:italic>\u00a0<\/jats:italic>0.01).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cine breathing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> allows independent and reliable assessment of the diaphragm and chest wall dynamics during the breathing cycle in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients and controls. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MRI<\/jats:styled-content> data indicate that ambulatory <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content> patients breathe at lower lung volumes than controls when their <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FVC<\/jats:styled-content> is in the normal range. The diaphragm moves normally, whereas chest wall motion is reduced in these boys with <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DMD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.440","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,28]],"date-time":"2017-07-28T13:06:39Z","timestamp":1501247199000},"page":"655-662","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Respiratory magnetic resonance imaging biomarkers in Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"4","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5131-7767","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ami","family":"Mankodi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurogenetics Branch National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Kovacs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Imaging Sciences The National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gina","family":"Norato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Office of Biostatistics National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke National Institutes of Health Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathan","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radiology and Imaging Sciences The National Institutes of Health Clinical Center Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"W. 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