{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T06:10:22Z","timestamp":1791958222702,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1568678400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"name":"General Research Fund of Research Grant Council of Hong Kong","award":["GRF14108214"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["GRF14108214"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To examine the efficacy and safety of combined transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and working memory training (WMT) in enhancing the cognitive functions for individuals with mild neurocognitive disorder due to AD (NCD\u2010AD).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this double\u2010blind, sham\u2010controlled randomized clinical trial (RCT), 201 patients with NCD\u2010AD were randomly assigned for a 4\u2010week intervention of either a combination of tDCS and WMT, sham tDCS and WMT, or tDCS and control cognitive training (CCT). Global cognition and domain\u2010specific cognitive function were assessed before and after the intervention with Alzheimer's disease assessment scale\u2010cognitive subscale (ADAS\u2010Cog), category verbal fluency test, logical memory, digit, and visual span tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Study participants did not show intervention group differences in baseline demographics, or cognitive characteristics (ANOVA). Cognitive enhancement was found across three groups after 4\u00a0weeks intervention. Combined tDCS\u2010WMT group showed significantly greater improvement compared with single\u2010modality groups in delayed recall (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.043, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.036) and working memory capacity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.04, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.038) at 4th week, and logical memory at 12th week (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.042, <jats:italic>\u03b7<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a00.037). Adverse events, including skin lesions (2.2%), were similar between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>tDCS or WMT could be a safe, feasible, and effective intervention for individuals with NCD\u2010AD. A combination of tDCS and WMT presents greater cognitive enhancement, which may highlight the potential synergistic effects of combined modality intervention on cognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50823","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,17]],"date-time":"2019-09-17T11:16:26Z","timestamp":1568718986000},"page":"1938-1948","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":92,"title":["Randomized controlled trial of TDCS on cognition in 201 seniors with mild neurocognitive disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9090-258X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hanna","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong SAR China"},{"name":"Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders Guangzhou 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