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In this study, we investigated the changes in TSPO density with respect to late stage AD and DLB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>TSPO density was measured in multiple regions of postmortem human brains in 20 different cases: seven late stage AD cases (Braak amyloid average: C; Braak tangle average: VI; Aged 74\u201388, mean: 83\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05\u00a0years), five DLB cases (Braak amyloid average: C; Braak tangle average: V; Aged 79\u201391, mean: 84\u00a0\u00b1\u00a04\u00a0years), and eight age\u2010matched normal control cases (3 males, 5 females: aged 77\u201392\u00a0years; mean: 87\u00a0\u00b1\u00a06\u00a0years). Measurements were taken by quantitative autoradiography using [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PK11195 and [<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>H]PBR28.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>No significant changes were found in TSPO density of the frontal cortex, striatum, thalamus, or red nucleus of the AD and DLB brains. A significant reduction in TSPO density was found in the substantia nigra (SN) of the AD and DLB brains compared to that of age\u2010matched healthy controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>This distinct pattern of TSPO density change in late stage AD and DLB cases may imply the occurrence of microglia dystrophy in late stage neurodegeneration. Furthermore, TSPO may not only be a microglia activation marker in early stage AD and DLB, but TSPO may also be used to monitor microglia dysfunction in the late stage of these diseases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50837","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,7,9]],"date-time":"2019-07-09T08:40:52Z","timestamp":1562661652000},"page":"1423-1434","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Translocator protein in late stage Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Dementia with Lewy bodies brains"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2120-8287","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinbin","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine 510 S. 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Cambridge Massachusetts 02139"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Morris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd St. Louis Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tammie L. S.","family":"Benzinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Washington University School of Medicine 510 S. Kingshighway Blvd St. Louis Missouri 63110"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David M.","family":"Holtzman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine 510 S. 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