{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T03:48:32Z","timestamp":1792036112840,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1572825600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We sought to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of intranasal midazolam (in\u2010MDZ) as first\u2010line inhospital therapy in patients with status epilepticus (SE) during continuous EEG recording.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data on medical history, etiology and semiology of SE, anticonvulsive medication usage, efficacy and safety of in\u2010MDZ were retrospectively reviewed between 2015 and 2018. Time to end of SE regarding the administration of in\u2010MDZ and \u00df\u2010band effects were analyzed on EEG and with frequency analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 42 patients (mean age: 52.7\u00a0\u00b1\u00a022.7\u00a0years; 23 females) were treated with a median dose of 5\u00a0mg of in\u2010MDZ (range: 2.5\u201315\u00a0mg, mean: 6.4\u00a0mg, SD: 2.6) for SE. The majority of the patients suffered from nonconvulsive SE (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a024; 55.8%). In total, 24 (57.1%) patients were responders, as SE stopped following the administration of in\u2010MDZ without any other drugs being given. On average, SE ceased on EEG at 05:05 (minutes:seconds) after the application of in\u2010MDZ (median: 04:56; range: 00:29\u201314:53; SD:03:13). Frequency analysis showed an increased \u00df\u2010band on EEG after the application of in\u2010MDZ at 04:07 on average (median: 03:50; range: 02:20\u201305:40; SD: 01:09). Adverse events were recorded in six patients (14.3%), with nasal irritations present in five (11.9%) and prolonged sedation occurring in one (2.6%) patient.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This pharmaco\u2010EEG\u2013based study showed that in\u2010MDZ is effective and well\u2010tolerated for the acute treatment of SE. EEG and clinical effects of in\u2010MDZ administration occurred within 04:07 and 5:05 on average. Intranasal midazolam appears to be an easily applicable and rapidly effective alternative to buccal or intramuscular application as first\u2010line treatment if an intravenous route is not available.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]],"date-time":"2019-11-04T10:16:45Z","timestamp":1572862605000},"page":"2413-2425","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Intranasal midazolam as first\u2010line inhospital treatment for status epilepticus: a pharmaco\u2010EEG cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Lara","family":"Kay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Merkel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anemone","family":"von Blomberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurent M.","family":"Willems","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Bauer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philipp S.","family":"Reif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1545-7364","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susanne","family":"Schubert\u2010Bast","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neuropediatrics Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3989-7471","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Rosenow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6288-9915","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adam","family":"Strzelczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epilepsy Center Frankfurt Rhine\u2010Main and Department of Neurology Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"},{"name":"LOEWE Center for Personalized Translational Epilepsy Research (CePTER) Goethe\u2010University Frankfurt Frankfurt am Main Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13837"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1528-1157.2001.01101.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14729"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archneurol.2010.169"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03238.x"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2314","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/aws091","article-title":"The outcome of therapies in refractory and super\u2010refractory convulsive status epilepticus and recommendations for therapy","volume":"135","author":"Ferlisi M","year":"2012","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25416"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2017.00507"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa002141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2005.07.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199809173391202"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1107494"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.321.7253.83"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-012-6659-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpediatrics.2010.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2009.02333.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1167.2011.03235.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2010.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002142"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2016.07.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2016.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263-018-0544-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","unstructured":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration:NAYZILAM (midazolam) Approved by FDA.2019:https:\/\/www.accessdata.fda.gov\/\u2010 New Drug Application (NDA): 211321."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13088"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0043-110486"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","volume-title":"Leitlinien f\u00fcr Diagnostik und Therapie in der Neurologie","author":"Rosenow F","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10309-018-0204-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61602-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-008-0989-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13709"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13670"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13121"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/clpt.2011.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/156869"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","unstructured":"Neues Rezeptur\u2010Formularium: Midazolam\u2010Rezepturen. Bundesvereinigung Deutscher Apothekerverb\u00e4nde e. V. 2002."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.13449"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ane.0000226150.90317.16"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03611.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2002.01588.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2004.01.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2146\/ajhp140630"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","first-page":"44","article-title":"Overview of clinical efficacy and risk data of benzodiazepines for prolonged seizures","volume":"16","author":"Lagae L","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epileptic Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073809332768"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_8_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.3_Part_1.483","article-title":"Status epilepticus at an urban public hospital in the 1980s","volume":"43","author":"Lowenstein DH","year":"1980","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.2010.01474.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-015-0454-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70374-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.13.1.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.12284"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.50932","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acn3.50932","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.50932","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,9]],"date-time":"2023-09-09T06:31:45Z","timestamp":1694241105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acn3.50932"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"references-count":52,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acn3.50932"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.50932","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-9503","2328-9503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-9503","type":"print"},{"value":"2328-9503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2019-09-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-10-04","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2019-11-04","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}