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There is debate as to whether it is a different condition or a variant of essential tremor (ET), or even, if both conditions coexist. Our objective was to use data mining classification methods, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)\u2010derived brain volume and cortical thickness data, to identify morphometric measures that help to discriminate OT patients from those with ET.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MRI\u2010derived brain volume and cortical thickness were obtained from 14 OT patients and 15 age\u2010, sex\u2010, and education\u2010matched ET patients. Feature selection and machine learning methods were subsequently applied.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Four MRI features alone distinguished the two, OT from ET, with 100% diagnostic accuracy. More specifically, left thalamus proper volume (normalized by the total intracranial volume), right superior parietal volume, right superior parietal thickness, and right inferior parietal roughness (i.e., the standard deviation of cortical thickness) were shown to play a key role in OT and ET characterization. Finally, the left caudal anterior cingulate thickness and the left caudal middle frontal roughness allowed us to separate with 100% diagnostic accuracy subgroups of OT patients (primary and those with mild parkinsonian signs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>A data mining approach applied to MRI\u2010derived brain volume and cortical thickness data may differentiate between these two types of tremor with an accuracy of 100%. Our results suggest that OT and ET are distinct conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.50947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,11,26]],"date-time":"2019-11-26T10:41:11Z","timestamp":1574764871000},"page":"2531-2543","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["A data mining approach for classification of orthostatic and essential tremor based on MRI\u2010derived brain volume and cortical thickness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1769-4809","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juli\u00e1n","family":"Benito\u2010Le\u00f3n","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University Hospital \u201c12 de Octubre\u201d Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n Biom\u00e9dica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Department of Medicine Complutense University Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elan D.","family":"Louis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease, Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven Connecticut"},{"name":"Center for Neuroepidemiology and Clinical Neurological Research Yale School of Medicine Yale University New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Mato\u2010Abad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"ISLA Faculty of Computer Science A Coru\u00f1a University A Coru\u00f1a Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alvaro","family":"S\u00e1nchez\u2010Ferro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology HM CINAC University Hospital HM Puerta del Sur M\u00f3stoles Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Research Laboratory of Electronics Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Juan P.","family":"Romero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Experimental Sciences Francisco de Vitoria University Pozuelo de Alarc\u00f3n Madrid Spain"},{"name":"Brain Damage Unit Hospital Beata Maria Ana Madrid Spain"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michele","family":"Matarazzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre and Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health University of British Columbia Vancouver BC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J. 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