{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T20:37:01Z","timestamp":1792787821664,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]],"date-time":"2020-05-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1589932800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of the current study was to investigate if a non\u2010invasive spinal cord neuromodulation modality could restore sensorimotor functions in a patient with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, transcutaneous electrical stimulation (tES) to the spinal cord was utilized to restore sensorimotor functions in a chronic SCI patient who sustained a traumatic C7 cervical cord injury 21\u00a0years ago. At baseline, the patient had very limited volitional movement in her right leg, and her left leg was completely paralyzed. tES parameters were optimized in eight stimulation sessions before the treatment. The therapeutic stimulation involved biphasic tES, applied to T11 and L1 spinal levels during a 1\u2010hour standing and walking training, 2\u20134 times per week for 16\u00a0weeks.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our pre\u2010treatment tests indicated that a shorter burst duration (100 <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>sec) was more effective than a longer burst duration of tES in improving functional movements. After 32 training sessions with tES, the patient regained significant left\u2010leg volitional movements (grade 0 to grade 10 according to the ISNCSCI scale). Right\u2010leg motor scores also increased from 17 to 21. The tES treatment also improved her pinprick sensation (from 73 to 79). Upon completion of the treatment (52 sessions), the patient\u2019s standing ability noticeably improved. She could stabilize her knee to stand without any assistance. She could also squat while holding onto a walker.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>These promising results demonstrate beneficial effects of non\u2010invasive tES in regaining volitional control of plegic lower limbs in patients with chronic paralysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51051","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,21]],"date-time":"2020-05-21T01:51:25Z","timestamp":1590025885000},"page":"829-838","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Reversing 21\u00a0years of chronic paralysis via non\u2010invasive spinal cord neuromodulation: a case study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0987-1999","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monzurul","family":"Alam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan To","family":"Ling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnold Y. L.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Rehabilitation Sciences The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles CA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Victor Reggie","family":"Edgerton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurobiology University of California Los Angeles CA"},{"name":"Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology University of California Los Angeles CA United States"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3407-9226","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yong\u2010Ping","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4018\/978-1-4666-6094-6.ch009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wneu.2018.02.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awu038"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(11)60547-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1803588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-018-0175-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01128.2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2015.4008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/apmr.2001.23752"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2017.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.6006"},{"issue":"11","key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","article-title":"Locomotor training for walking after spinal cord injury","author":"Mehrholz J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)32363-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2014.00141"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5584"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2018.5956"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410370506"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiomech.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/aor.12615"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2017.00333"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.51051","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acn3.51051","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.51051","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,6]],"date-time":"2023-09-06T10:30:17Z","timestamp":1693996217000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acn3.51051"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acn3.51051"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.51051","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-9503","2328-9503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-9503","type":"print"},{"value":"2328-9503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-02-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-04-06","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-05-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}