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A random sample of 68,300 subjects between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2015, was obtained, comprising of 17,075 patients with ARD, and 51,225 controls without ARD (1:3), matched for gender and age group. After adjusting for covariates, a Fine and Gray\u2019s survival analysis (competing with mortality) was used to compare the risk of dementia during a 15\u2010year follow\u2010up period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, 1,751 of 17,075 patients with ARD and 2,147 of 51,225 in the control group without ARD (883.10 vs 342.83 per 100,000 person\u2010years) developed dementia. ARD cohort was more likely to develop dementia (hazard ratio\u00a0=\u00a04.936 [95% CI: 4.609\u20135.285, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). After adjusting for gender, age groups, education, monthly insured premiums, urbanization level, geographic region, comorbidities, the hazard ratio for ARD patients was 5.034 (95% CI: 4.701\u20135.391, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). ARD has been associated with overall dementia, Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia. Both the amphetamine use disorder and amphetamine\u2010induced psychotic disorders were associated with the risk of overall dementia, Alzheimer dementia, vascular dementia, and other dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study shows that patients with ARD, both the amphetamine use disorder and the amphetamine\u2010induced psychotic disorder, may have a nearly fivefold risk of developing dementia, including Alzheimer dementia and other types of dementia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51113","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,1]],"date-time":"2020-07-01T05:36:35Z","timestamp":1593581795000},"page":"1284-1295","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Association between amphetamine\u2010related disorders and dementia\u2010a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Nian\u2010Sheng","family":"Tzeng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Student Counseling Center National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wu\u2010Chien","family":"Chien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Tri\u2010Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"School of Public Health National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan, ROC"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi\u2010Hsiang","family":"Chung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Research Tri\u2010Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Graduate Institute of Life Sciences National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin\u2010An","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Student Counseling Center National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu\u2010Chen","family":"Kao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital Song\u2010Shan Branch National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3250-6850","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yia\u2010Ping","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Tri\u2010Service General Hospital National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Chen\u2010Hsin General Hospital Taipei Taiwan ROC"},{"name":"Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience Department of Physiology and Biophysics National Defense Medical Center Taipei Taiwan ROC"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"Taiwan Alzheimer`s Disease Association.2015\u20132056 Expected Dementia popultion Report in Taiwan. 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