{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T21:14:30Z","timestamp":1792790070771,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595462400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004963","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602391"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602391"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004963","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the relationship between age at seizure onset and neurodevelopmental outcome at age 24\u00a0months in infants with TSC, as well as the effect on neurodevelopmental outcome of early versus conventional treatment of epileptic seizures with vigabatrin (80\u2013150\u00a0mg\/kg\/day).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infants with TSC, aged \u22644\u00a0months and without previous seizures were enrolled in a prospective study and closely followed with monthly video EEG and serial standardized neurodevelopmental testing (Bayley Scales of Infant Development and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty infants were enrolled. At the age of 24\u00a0months testing identified risk of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in 24\/80 children (30.0%), and developmental delay (DD) in 26\/80 (32.5%). Children with epilepsy (51\/80; 63.8%) had a higher risk of ASD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.02) and DD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.001). Overall, no child presented with moderate or severe DD at 24\u00a0months (developmental quotient\u00a0&lt;\u00a055). In 20% of children abnormal developmental trajectories were detected before the onset of seizures. Furthermore, 21% of all children with risk of ASD at 24\u00a0months had not developed seizures at that timepoint. There was no significant difference between early and conventional treatment with respect to rate of risk of ASD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.8) or DD (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.9) at 24\u00a0months.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study confirms a relationship between epilepsy and risk of ASD\/DD. However, in this combined randomized\/open label study, early treatment with vigabatrin did not alter the risk of ASD or DD at age 2\u00a0years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51128","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,23]],"date-time":"2020-07-23T23:34:01Z","timestamp":1595547241000},"page":"1371-1381","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Is autism driven by epilepsy in infants with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex?"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6200-060X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Romina","family":"Moavero","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit Systems Medicine Department Tor Vergata University Via Montpellier 1 Rome 00133 Italy"},{"name":"Child Neurology Unit Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation Department \u201cBambino Ges\u00f9\u201d Children\u2019s Hospital IRCCS P.zza S. Onofrio 4 Rome 00165 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katarzyna","family":"Kotulska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Epileptology The Children's Memorial Health Institute Al. Dzieci Polskich 20 Warsaw 04\u2010730 Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lieven","family":"Lagae","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Development and Regeneration\u2010Section Pediatric Neurology University Hospitals KU Leuven Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arianna","family":"Benvenuto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Child Neurology and Psychiatry Unit Systems Medicine Department Tor Vergata University Via Montpellier 1 Rome 00133 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Leonardo","family":"Emberti Gialloreti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Prevention Tor Vergata University of Rome Via Montpellier 1 Rome 00133 Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernhard","family":"Weschke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child Neurology Charit\u00e9 University Medicine Berlin Augustenburger Platz 1 Berlin 13353 Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"Riney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Unit Queensland Children\u2019s Hospital 501 Stanley Street South Brisbane QLD 4101 Australia"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine University of Queensland St Lucia QLD 4072 Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martha","family":"Feucht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Medical University Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavel","family":"Krsek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Paediatric Neurology Charles University Second Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5877-4074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rima","family":"Nabbout","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatric Neurology Reference Centre for Rare Epilepsies Necker\u2010 Enfants Malades Hospital University Paris Descartes Imagine Institute Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anna C.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Neurology Unit\u2010UZ Brussel Brussels Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Wojdan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Warsaw University of Technology Institute of Heat Engineering Warsaw Poland"},{"name":"Transition Technologies ul. 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