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Here, we characterized the profile of five cell adhesion molecules in patients with NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We measured levels of cell adhesion molecules, including ICAM\u20101, ICAM\u20102, VCAM\u20101, PECAM\u20101, and NCAM\u20101, in the serum of 28 patients with NMOSD, 24 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), and 25 healthy controls (HCs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>ICAM\u20102 levels (median: 394.8\u00a0ng\/mL) were increased in patients with NMOSD compared with MS (267.1\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005) and HCs (257.4\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007), and VCAM\u20101 and ICAM\u20101 levels were higher in patients with NMOSD (641.9\u00a0ng\/mL and 212.7\u00a0ng\/mL, respectively) compared with HCs (465\u00a0ng\/mL [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.013] and 141.8\u00a0ng\/mL [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002], respectively). However, serum PECAM\u20101 levels were lower in patients with NMOSD (89.62\u00a0ng\/mL) compared with MS (106.9\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.015) and HCs (107.2\u00a0ng\/mL, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.007). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that PECAM\u20101 (area under the curve (AUC): 0.729) and ICAM\u20102 (AUC: 0.747) had adequate abilities to distinguish NMOSD from MS, and VCAM\u20101 (AUC: 0.719), PECAM\u20101 (area under the curve: 0.743), ICAM\u20101 (AUC: 0.778), and ICAM\u20102 (AUC: 0.749) exhibited potential to differentiate NMOSD and HCs. Serum levels of PECAM\u20101 also demonstrated a negative correlation with Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale scores in patients with NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results reveal possible BBB breakdown signals specifically observed in NMOSD and highlight the potential role of cell adhesion molecules as biomarkers of this disease.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,29]],"date-time":"2020-08-29T06:42:50Z","timestamp":1598683370000},"page":"1854-1861","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Serum levels of cell adhesion molecules in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4547-6155","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bao\u2010Luen","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Linkou Medical Center No. 5, Fusing St., Gueishan Dist. 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Taoyuan City 333 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yen\u2010Shi","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Linkou Medical Center No. 5, Fusing St., Gueishan Dist. Taoyuan City 333 Taiwan"},{"name":"Chang Gung University College of Medicine No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist. Taoyuan City 333 Taiwan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rong\u2010Kuo","family":"Lyu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Chang Gung Memorial Hospital\u2010Linkou Medical Center No. 5, Fusing St., Gueishan Dist. Taoyuan City 333 Taiwan"},{"name":"Chang Gung University College of Medicine No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist. 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