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Delineating causality between sleep patterns and migraine may offer new pathophysiologic insights and inform subsequent intervention studies. Here, we used genetic approaches to test for shared genetic influences between sleep patterns and migraine, and to test whether habitual sleep patterns may be causal risk factors for migraine and vice versa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To quantify genetic overlap, we performed genome\u2010wide genetic correlation analyses using genome\u2010wide association studies of nine sleep traits in the UK Biobank (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2265\u00a0237,627), and migraine from the International Headache Genetics Consortium (59,674 cases and 316,078 controls). We then tested for potential causal effects between sleep traits and migraine using bidirectional, two\u2010sample Mendelian randomization.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Seven sleep traits demonstrated genetic overlap with migraine, including insomnia symptoms (rg\u00a0=\u00a00.29, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a010<jats:sup>\u221231<\/jats:sup>) and difficulty awakening (rg\u00a0=\u00a00.11, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a010<jats:sup>\u22124<\/jats:sup>). Mendelian randomization analyses provided evidence for potential causal effects of difficulty awakening on risk of migraine (OR [95% CI]\u00a0=\u00a01.37 [1.12\u20131.68], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.002), and nominal evidence that liability to insomnia symptoms increased the risk of migraine (1.09 [1.02\u20131.16], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). In contrast, there was minimal evidence for an effect of migraine liability on sleep patterns or disturbances.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>These data support a shared genetic basis between several sleep traits and migraine, and support potential causal effects of difficulty awakening and insomnia symptoms on migraine risk. Treatment of sleep disturbances may therefore be a promising clinical intervention in the management of migraine.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51228","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,30]],"date-time":"2020-10-30T14:44:26Z","timestamp":1604069066000},"page":"2370-2380","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Habitual sleep disturbances and migraine: a Mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"7","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8735-284X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iyas","family":"Daghlas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard 415 Main Street Cambridge Massachusetts 02142 USA"},{"name":"Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital 185 Cambridge Street Boston Massachusetts 02114 USA"},{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angeliki","family":"Vgontzas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Brigham and Women\u2019s Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanjun","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel I.","family":"Chasman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Preventive Medicine Department of Medicine Brigham and Women's Hospital Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts 02115 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"International Headache Genetics 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