{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T08:21:12Z","timestamp":1791534072863,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617753600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"NIH Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3 NS100553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3 NS100553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3 NS100553"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3 NS100553"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000864","name":"Michael J. Fox Foundation for Parkinson's Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["15098"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["15098"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000864","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate local short\u2010term neuroplasticity elicited by subthalamic, thalamic, and pallidal deep brain stimulation (DBS) for movement disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>During DBS surgery, we delivered pairs of stimulus pulses with both circular and directional leads across 90 interstimulus intervals in 17 participants and recorded local field potentials from unused contacts on the implanted electrode array. We removed the stimulus artifact, validated the neural origin of the underlying signals, and examined short\u2010term plasticity as a function of interstimulus interval and DBS target, using linear mixed effects models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>DBS evokes short latency local field potentials that are readily detected with both circular and directional leads at all stimulation targets (0.31\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.10\u00a0msec peak latency, mean\u00a0\u00b1\u00a0SD). Peak amplitude, area, and latency are modified strongly by interstimulus interval (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) and display absolute and relative refractory periods (0.56\u00a0\u00b1\u00a00.08 and 2.94\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.05\u00a0msec, respectively). We also identified later oscillatory activity in the subthalamic\u2010pallidal circuit (4.50\u00a0\u00b1\u00a01.11\u00a0msec peak latency) that displays paired pulse facilitation (present in 5\/8 subthalamic, 4\/5 pallidal, and 0\/6 thalamic trajectories, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.018, Fisher\u2019s exact test), and correlates with resting beta frequency power (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001), therapeutic DBS frequencies, and stimulation sites chosen later for therapy in the ambulatory setting (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.031).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Paired DBS pulses synchronize local circuit electrophysiology and elicit short\u2010term neuroplasticity in the subthalamic\u2010pallidal circuit. Collectively, these responses likely represent the earliest detectable interaction between the DBS pulse and local neuronal tissue in humans. Evoked subcortical field potentials could serve as a predictive biomarker to guide the implementation of next\u2010generation directional and adaptive stimulation devices.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51275","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,7]],"date-time":"2021-04-07T13:49:56Z","timestamp":1617803396000},"page":"1010-1023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Subcortical short\u2010term plasticity elicited by deep brain stimulation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4013-8050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Z.","family":"Awad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryan J.","family":"Vaden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zachary T.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Black","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedical Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arie","family":"Nakhmani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Byron C.","family":"Jaeger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. 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