{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T21:22:58Z","timestamp":1789507378460,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1637193600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100008792","name":"Novartis Pharma","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100008792","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate changes over 3\u2009years in the thickness of inner retinal layers including the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL), and combined macular ganglion cell and inner plexiform layers (mGCIPL), in individuals with relapsing\u2010remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) versus healthy controls; to determine whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) is sufficiently sensitive and reproducible to detect small degrees of neuroaxonal loss over time that correlate with changes in brain volume and disability progression as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Individuals with RRMS from 28 centers (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009333) were matched with 64 healthy participants. OCT scans were performed on Heidelberg Spectralis machines (at baseline; 1\u2009month; 6\u2009months; 6\u2010monthly thereafter).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      OCT measurements were highly reproducible between baseline and 1\u2009month (intraclass correlation coefficient &gt;0.98). Significant inner retinal layer thinning was observed in individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) compared with controls regardless of previous MS\u2010associated optic neuritis\u2013\u2013group differences (95% CI) over 3\u2009years: pRNFL: \u22121.86 (\u22122.54, \u22121.17)\n                      <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                      m; mGCIPL: \u22122.03 (\u22122.78, \u22121.28)\n                      <jats:italic>\u00b5<\/jats:italic>\n                      m (both\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001; effect sizes 0.39 and 0.34). Greater inner retinal layer atrophy was observed in individuals diagnosed with RRMS &lt;3\u2009years versus &gt;5\u2009years (pRNFL:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05; mGCIPL:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Brain volume decreased by 1.3% in individuals with MS over 3\u2009years compared to 0.5% in control subjects (effect size 0.76). mGCIPL atrophy correlated with brain atrophy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). There was no correlation of OCT data with disability progression.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>OCT has potential to estimate rates of neurodegeneration in the retina and brain. The effect size for OCT, smaller than for magnetic resonance imaging based on Heidelberg Spectralis data acquired in this study, was increased in early disease.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51473","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,18]],"date-time":"2021-11-18T10:39:29Z","timestamp":1637231969000},"page":"2235-2251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":96,"title":["Optical coherence tomography in multiple sclerosis: A 3\u2010year prospective multicenter study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"8","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NeuroCure Clinical Research Center and Experimental and Clinical Research Center Max Delbrueck Center for Molecular Medicine and Charit\u00e9 \u2010 Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7776-6472","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter A.","family":"Calabresi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins Hospital Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederik","family":"Barkhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology &amp; Nuclear Medicine Amsterdam UMC Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Netherlands"},{"name":"Institutes of Neurology &amp; Centre for Medical Image Computing University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ari J.","family":"Green","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Multiple Sclerosis Center University of California San Francisco San Francisco Califonia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Randy","family":"Kardon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Iowa City VA Center for Prevention and Treatment of Visual Loss Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital Iowa City University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Iowa Hospital and Clinics Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaume","family":"Sastre\u2010Garriga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology\/Neuroimmunology Multiple Sclerosis Centre of Catalonia (Cemcat) Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sven","family":"Schippling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis Research Section University Hospital Zurich Zurich Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Vermersch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Univ. Lille Inserm UMR1172 LilNCog FHU Precise Lille France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiv","family":"Saidha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bianca S.","family":"Gerendas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Vienna Reading Center Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ursula","family":"Schmidt\u2010Erfurth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Agoropoulou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Novartis Pharma AG Basel 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