{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,13]],"date-time":"2025-05-13T14:00:57Z","timestamp":1747144857932,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652918400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001691","name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["17K11357","22K09742"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["17K11357","22K09742"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001691","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Head trauma can be a cause of refractory olfactory dysfunction due to olfactory nervous system injury. Anti\u2010inflammatory treatment using steroids or anti\u2010cytokine agents is known to contribute to functional recovery of the central and peripheral nervous systems in injury models, while there is a concern that they can induce adverse reactions. The present study examines if high\u2010dose immunoglobulin G (IgG) can facilitate olfactory functional recovery following injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Olfactory nerve transection (NTx) was performed in OMP\u2010tau\u2010lacZ mice to establish injury models. High\u2010dose IgG was intraperitoneally injected immediately after the NTx and histological assessment of recovery within the olfactory bulb was performed at 5, 14, 42, and 100\u2009days after the drug injection. X\u2010gal staining labeled degenerating and regenerating olfactory nerve fibers and immunohistochemical staining detected the presence of reactive astrocytes and macrophages\/microglia. Olfactory function was assessed using an olfactory avoidance behavioral test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010dose IgG\u2010injected mice showed significantly smaller areas of injury\u2010associated tissue, fewer astrocytes and macrophages\/microglia, and an increase in regenerating nerve fibers. An olfactory avoidance behavioral test showed improved functional recovery in the IgG\u2010injected mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings suggest that high\u2010dose IgG could provide a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of olfactory dysfunction following head injuries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,19]],"date-time":"2022-05-19T08:41:03Z","timestamp":1652949663000},"page":"770-777","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["High\u2010dose <scp>IgG<\/scp> suppresses local inflammation and facilitates functional recovery after olfactory system injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kohei","family":"Nishida","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Otorhinolaryngology\u2010Head and Neck Surgery Mie University Graduate School of 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