{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,28]],"date-time":"2026-04-28T02:37:45Z","timestamp":1777343865934,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664236800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004328","name":"Genentech","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ML42929"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ML42929"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004328","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare \u201chybrid immunity\u201d (prior COVID\u201019 infection plus vaccination) and post\u2010vaccination immunity to SARS CoV\u20102 in MS patients on different disease\u2010modifying therapies (DMTs) and to assess the impact of vaccine product and race\/ethnicity on post\u2010vaccination immune responses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Consecutive MS patients from NYU MS Care Center (New York, NY), aged 18\u201360, who completed primary COVID\u201019 vaccination series \u22656\u2009weeks previously were evaluated for SARS CoV\u20102\u2010specific antibody responses with electro\u2010chemiluminescence and multiepitope bead\u2010based immunoassays and, in a subset, live virus immunofluorescence\u2010based microneutralization assay. SARS CoV\u20102\u2010specific cellular responses were assessed with cellular stimulation TruCulture IFN\u03b3 and IL\u20102 assay and, in a subset, with IFN\u03b3 and IL\u20102 ELISpot assays. Multivariate analyses examined associations between immunologic responses and prior COVID\u201019 infection while controlling for age, sex, DMT at vaccination, time\u2010to\u2010vaccine, and vaccine product.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between 6\/01\/2021 and 11\/11\/2021, 370 MS patients were recruited (mean age 40.6\u2009years; 76% female; 53% non\u2010White; 22% with prior infection; common DMT classes: ocrelizumab 40%; natalizumab 15%, sphingosine\u20101\u2010phosphate receptor modulators 13%; and no DMT 8%). Vaccine\u2010to\u2010collection time was 18.7 (\u00b17.7) weeks and 95% of patients received mRNA vaccines. In multivariate analyses, patients with laboratory\u2010confirmed prior COVID\u201019 infection had significantly increased antibody and cellular post\u2010vaccination responses compared to those without prior infection. Vaccine product and DMT class were independent predictors of antibody and cellular responses, while race\/ethnicity was not.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Prior COVID\u201019 infection is associated with enhanced antibody and cellular post\u2010vaccine responses independent of DMT class and vaccine type. There were no differences in immune responses across race\/ethnic groups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51664","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,27]],"date-time":"2022-09-27T05:48:30Z","timestamp":1664257710000},"page":"1643-1659","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hybrid and vaccine\u2010induced immunity against\n                    <scp>SAR\u2010CoV<\/scp>\n                    \u20102 in\n                    <scp>MS<\/scp>\n                    patients on different disease\u2010modifying therapies"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3549-949X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ilya","family":"Kister","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"NYU Multiple Sclerosis Comprehensive Care Center, Department of Neurology New York University Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York 10016 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan","family":"Curtin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laura and Isaac Perlmutter Cancer Center and Department of Pathology New York University Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York 10016 USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinglan","family":"Pei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Genentech, Inc.  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