{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T06:26:29Z","timestamp":1791095189987,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003030","name":"Ag\u00e8ncia de Gesti\u00f3 d'Ajuts Universitaris i de Recerca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2020PANDE00053"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020PANDE00053"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100014605","name":"Sage therapeutics","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100014605","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>This research aims to study structural brain changes in patients with persistent olfactory dysfunctions after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>COVID\u201019 patients were evaluated using T1\u2010weighted and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) on a 3T MRI scanner, 9.94\u2009\u00b1\u20093.83\u00a0months after COVID\u201019 diagnosis. Gray matter (GM) voxel\u2010based morphometry was performed using FSL\u2010VBM. Voxelwise statistical analysis of the fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity was carried out with the tract\u2010based spatial statistics in the olfactory system. The smell identification test (UPSIT) was used to classify patients as normal olfaction or olfactory dysfunction groups. Intergroup comparisons between GM and DTI measures were computed, as well as correlations with the UPSIT scores.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty\u2010eight COVID\u201019 patients were included in the study. Twenty\u2010three were classified as olfactory dysfunction, and 25 as normal olfaction. The olfactory dysfunction group had lower GM volume in a cluster involving the left amygdala, insular cortex, parahippocampal gyrus, frontal superior and inferior orbital gyri, gyrus rectus, olfactory cortex, caudate, and putamen. This group also showed higher MD values in the genu of the corpus callosum, the orbitofrontal area, the anterior thalamic radiation, and the forceps minor; and higher RD values in the anterior corona radiata, the genu of the corpus callosum, and uncinate fasciculus compared with the normal olfaction group. The UPSIT scores for the whole sample were negatively associated with both MD and RD values (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u2009\u22640.05 FWE\u2010corrected).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is decreased GM volume and increased MD in olfactory\u2010related regions explaining prolonged olfactory deficits in post\u2010acute COVID\u201019 patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51710","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,16]],"date-time":"2022-12-16T18:47:37Z","timestamp":1671216457000},"page":"195-203","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Structural brain changes in post\u2010acute COVID\u201019 patients with persistent olfactory dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2833-4884","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Campabadal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9268-4504","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javier","family":"Oltra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS)  Barcelona 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\u00c1ngeles","family":"Bot\u00ed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alzheimer's Disease and Other Cognitive Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital Cl\u00ednic de Barcelona, IDIBAPS, Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3576-0475","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roser","family":"Sala\u2010Llonch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3532-2224","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gemma C.","family":"Mont\u00e9\u2010Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences University of Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedical Research August Pi i 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