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Five\u2010year normalized hourly cumulative exposure value of each air pollutant, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), sulfur dioxide (SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and particulate matter (PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub>), was computed based on nationwide air pollution database. The effects of chronic exposure to air pollution on longitudinal cognitive decline rate were evaluated using linear mixed models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher chronic exposure to SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> was associated with a faster decline in memory score, whereas chronic exposure to CO, NO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, and PM<jats:sub>10<\/jats:sub> were not associated with the rate of cognitive decline. Higher chronic exposure to PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> was associated with a faster decline in visuospatial score in apolipoprotein E \u03b54 carriers. These effects remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest that chronic exposure to SO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and PM<jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub> is associated with faster clinical progression in AD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51779","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T05:26:00Z","timestamp":1682659560000},"page":"964-973","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":36,"title":["Air pollution is associated with faster cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0460-455X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Young\u2010gun","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Yonsei University College of Medicine  Seoul South 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