{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,30]],"date-time":"2026-08-30T02:46:46Z","timestamp":1788058006453,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,19]],"date-time":"2023-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1687132800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100002108","name":"Friedreich's Ataxia Research Alliance","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100002108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is an inherited condition caused by a GAA triplet repeat (GAA\u2010TR) expansion in the\n                      <jats:italic>FXN<\/jats:italic>\n                      gene. Clinical features of FRDA include ataxia, cardiomyopathy, and in some, vision loss. In this study, we characterize features of vision loss in a large cohort of adults and children with FRDA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), we measured peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in 198 people with FRDA, and 77 controls. Sloan letter charts were used to determine visual acuity. RNFL thickness and visual acuity were compared to measures of disease severity obtained from the Friedreich Ataxia Clinical Outcomes Measures Study (FACOMS).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The majority of patients, including children, had pathologically thin RNFLs (mean\u2009=\u200973\u2009\u00b1\u200913\u2009\u03bcm in FRDA; 98\u2009\u00b1\u20099\u2009\u03bcm in controls) and low\u2010contrast vision deficits early in the disease course. Variability in RNFL thickness in FRDA (range: 36 to 107\u2009\u03bcm) was best predicted by disease burden (GAA\u2010TR length X disease duration). Significant deficits in high\u2010contrast visual acuity were apparent in patients with an RNFL thickness of \u226468\u2009\u03bcm. RNFL thickness decreased at a rate of \u22121.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.4\u2009\u03bcm\/year and reached 68\u2009\u03bcm at a disease burden of approximately 12,000 GAA years, equivalent to disease duration of 17\u2009years for participants with 700 GAAs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These data suggest that both hypoplasia and subsequent degeneration of the RNFL may be responsible for the optic nerve dysfunction in FRDA and support the development of a vision\u2010directed treatment for selected patients early in the disease to prevent RNFL loss from reaching the critical threshold.<\/jats:p>\n                  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