{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:16:07Z","timestamp":1786976167635,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971213"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971213"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To assess the efficacy and safety of immunotherapy for LGI1 antibody encephalitis, and consider the predictors of poor outcomes following immunotherapy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We searched PubMed and Embase for articles reporting the immunotherapy data of anti\u2010LGI1 encephalitis patients. The proportions of patients with poor outcomes (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score\u2009&gt;\u20092) at 3\u2009months, 12\u2009months, and the last follow\u2010up, as well as the odds ratio [OR] of predictors were pooled.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review included 162 articles with 1066 patients. The proportion of patients with poor functional outcomes was 21% at 3\u2009months, 14% at 12\u2009months, and 14% at the last follow\u2010up after receiving immunotherapy. The proportion of patients with reported relapse was 16.6%. The mean duration from onset to the first relapse was 15.6\u2009months. Predictors significantly associated with poor outcomes were age (increase of 1\u2009year), the presence of cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive. We did not find a statistically significant association between the worst mRS score in the acute phase, the presence of faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS), days from symptom onset to immunotherapy, second\u2010line treatment, maintenance immunotherapy, or follow\u2010up time and outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although most patients respond to immunotherapy, a minority of patients still have poor outcomes. Advanced age, cognitive impairment, and CSF LGI1 antibody positive are associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes. However, due to the insufficiency of the data, these conclusions need to be interpreted with caution.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51847","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]],"date-time":"2023-07-13T23:57:40Z","timestamp":1689292660000},"page":"1578-1589","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Efficacy of immunotherapy and prognosis in\n                    <scp>anti\u2010LGI1<\/scp>\n                    encephalitis patients: A meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6706-8005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xueying","family":"Kong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xue","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aiqing","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yue","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingjie","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7411-8269","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jinmei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7101-4125","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dong","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0014-6873","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhen","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Institute of Brain Science and Brain\u2010Inspired Technology of West China Hospital Sichuan University  Chengdu China"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Chengdu Shangjin Nanfu Hospital  Chengdu China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.22307"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(10)70137-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ene.13324"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awq213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jneuroim.2013.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000974"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.4226"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.561"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2020.00852"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ane.13503"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000001039"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003173"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/17562864211073203"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006990"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000891"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.918396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awx323"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00539"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.845365"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-019-03883-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2021.106542"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.772096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.674368"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2017.43"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.327.7414.557"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.0477"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000003009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883-018-1099-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000652"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(10)70222-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(08)70224-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000200034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(13)70282-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt212"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000007475"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14490"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.17327"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002635"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2021-327302"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-016-8277-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25666"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.51847","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,15]],"date-time":"2023-09-15T05:43:39Z","timestamp":1694756619000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acn3.51847"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acn3.51847"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.51847","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-9503","2328-9503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-9503","type":"print"},{"value":"2328-9503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-04-03","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-06-27","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2023-07-13","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}