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Participants with distal <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic> mutations with learning difficulties walked 51.8 fewer meters in 6 minutes than those without learning difficulties (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0007). Participants with distal <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic> mutations were slower on 10\u2010meter walk\/run velocity, and rise from floor velocity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02) than those with proximal <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic> mutations. Participants with distal <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic> mutations, who reported speech delay or learning difficulties, were slower on rise from floor velocity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01) than those with proximal <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic> mutations. The mean NSAA total score was lower in participants with learning difficulties than in those without (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Corticosteroid\u2010naive boys with DMD with distal <jats:italic>DMD<\/jats:italic> mutations may perform worse on some timed function tests, and that those with learning difficulties may perform worse on the NSAA. Pending confirmatory studies, our data underscore the importance of considering co\u2010existing neurodevelopmental symptoms on motor outcome measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.51914","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,8]],"date-time":"2023-10-08T18:37:39Z","timestamp":1696790259000},"page":"2285-2296","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Association between neurodevelopmental impairments and motor function in Duchenne muscular dystrophy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"10","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9811-0838","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mathula","family":"Thangarajh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Virginia Commonwealth University  Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael 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