{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T18:33:44Z","timestamp":1780684424738,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1708387200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>We aim to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with loss of jobs, income, and work hours in people with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) in the United States.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A REDCap\u2010based survey was administered to working\u2010age NMOSD patients (18\u201370\u2009years old) querying demographic information, symptoms, immunosuppression, work hours, income, and caregiver work (11\/2022\u201307\/2023). Regression models were developed using MATLAB.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 127 participants (97 female; 55% AQP4\u2010antibody, 19% MOG antibody; 69% Caucasian, 7% Hispanic), with an average diagnosis age of 38.7\u2009years, average disease duration of 6.4\u2009years, mean 3.1 attacks, and 94% of whom were treated with immune system\u2010directed therapy (53% rituximab, 8% satralizumab, 7% eculizumab, 6% mycophenolate mofetil, 4% inebilizumab, 2% azathioprine, 10% IVIg, 10% other), 56% lost a job due to NMOSD. Employment decreased 12% (80% pre\u2010 to 68% post\u2010diagnosis). Thirty\u2010six percent of participants said they no longer worked outside the home. Significant predictors for post\u2010NMOSD diagnosis employment status included younger age, lower pain level, no walking aids, and having a job prediagnosis.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Sixty\u2010eight percent of those employed prediagnosis reduced their work hours, dropping an average of 18.4\u2009h per month since being diagnosed (\u00b110.1\u2009h). Average annual income grew slowly at $1998 during the average 6.4\u2009years of disease duration (14% of the value predicted by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics). Sixty percent of participants had a regular unpaid caregiver; 34% of caregivers changed their work hours or job to help manage NMOSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide a structured analysis of the impact of NMOSD on employment, work hours, and income in the United States, demonstrating its major effect on the livelihoods of patients and their caregivers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52021","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]],"date-time":"2024-02-20T08:15:50Z","timestamp":1708416950000},"page":"1011-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Impact of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder on employment and income in the United States"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Isabella Gomez","family":"Hjerthen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard College  Cambridge Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"Tr\u00e1paga Hacker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Meador","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3549-3277","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ahmed Z.","family":"Obeidat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical College of Wisconsin  Milwaukee Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lucas","family":"Horta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4293-8115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farrah J.","family":"Mateen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24617"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458515572406"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2022.120460"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msard.2016.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Fact Sheet 13: Employment Relationship Under the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA). DOL. Accessed July 14 2023.http:\/\/www.dol.gov\/agencies\/whd\/fact\u2010sheets\/13\u2010flsa\u2010employment\u2010relationship"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2023.1142640"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Income.LII\/Legal Information Institute. Accessed July 14 2023.https:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/wex\/income"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/picr.PICR_87_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"MATLAB. Published online November 17 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2014.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","unstructured":"Civilian unemployment rate. Accessed July 14 2023.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/charts\/employment\u2010situation\/civilian\u2010unemployment\u2010rate.htm#"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000580"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13023\u2010022\u201002310\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40120\u2010022\u201000356\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"Consumer Price Index (CPI) Inflation Calculator. Accessed July 14 2023.https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/data\/inflation_calculator.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12883\u2010023\u201003513\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.973163"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.52021","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,17]],"date-time":"2024-04-17T04:38:14Z","timestamp":1713328694000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acn3.52021"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acn3.52021"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.52021","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-9503","2328-9503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-9503","type":"print"},{"value":"2328-9503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2023-10-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-03","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2024-02-20","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}