{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:17:33Z","timestamp":1786976253005,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712534400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To model interdependencies of serum neurofilament light chain (sNfL), a clinically useful biomarker of axonal injury in neurological diseases, with demographic, anthropometric, physiological, and disease biomarkers in the United States population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      sNfL and 80 biomarkers were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092071, age: 20\u201375\u2009years). Body habitus and composition, electrolytes, blood cell, metabolic, liver, and kidney function biomarkers, and common diseases were assessed with weighted regression adjusted for age, sex, and race\/ethnicity. Salient biomarkers were modeled with ensemble learning; a Bayesian network structure was obtained for interdependencies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age was strongly associated with sNfL. sNfL levels were 13% higher in men versus women. Mexican Americans had 18.5% lower sNfL versus Non\u2010Hispanic Whites. sNfL was similar in pregnant versus nonpregnant women. Lymphocyte, and neutrophil numbers, and phosphorus, and chloride levels were associated with sNfL. Multiple liver function (e.g., albumin and gamma\u2010glutamyltransferase), renal function (e.g., creatinine and urea), and carbohydrate\/lipid metabolism markers (e.g., glucose and triglycerides) were associated with sNfL. A 50% greater creatinine was associated with 26.8% greater sNfL. Diabetes, kidney disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke were associated with sNfL. The ensemble learning algorithm predicted high sNfL outliers with 5.06%\u20139.16% test error. Bayesian network modeling indicated sNfL had neighbor dependencies with age, creatinine, albumin, and chloride.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>sNfL is associated with age, kidney and liver function, diabetes, blood cell subsets, and electrolytes. sNfL may be a useful biomarker for biological age of the whole body and major organ systems including the brain.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52054","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]],"date-time":"2024-04-08T04:51:04Z","timestamp":1712551864000},"page":"1347-1358","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"title":["Non\u2010neurological factors associated with serum neurofilament levels in the United States population"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9943-150X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Murali","family":"Ramanathan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University at Buffalo, The State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"},{"name":"Department of Neurology University at Buffalo, The State University of New York  Buffalo New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1352458512458010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24954"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"Serum neurofilament light chain levels are increased in patients with a clinically isolated syndrome","volume":"87","author":"Disanto G","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awy154"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Siemens Healthineers.Siemens Healthineers receives FDA breakthrough device designation for sNfL test in multiple sclerosis.2022Accessed December 28 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000008088"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina58030433"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40001-023-01375-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41370-023-00594-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-023-26943-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2022.819010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-76990-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-022-01134-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-023-02521-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-14612-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/glad058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-023-11739-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.National Health and nutrition examination survey: NHANES 2013\u20132014 overview. 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