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The objective of this study was to assess the associations between axonal injury, sleep, and memory in chronic and acute TBI.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Data were acquired from two independent datasets which included 156 older adult veterans (69.8\u2009years) from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) with prior moderate\u2010to\u2010severe TBIs and 90 (69.2\u2009years) controls and 374 (39.6\u2009years) from Transforming Research and Clinical Knowledge in TBI (TRACK\u2010TBI) with a recent mild TBI (mTBI) and 87 controls (39.6\u2009years), all who completed an MRI, memory assessment, and sleep questionnaire.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Older adults with a prior TBI had a significant association between axonal injury and sleep disturbances [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099.52, 95% CI (4.1, 14.9),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01]. Axonal injury predicted changes in memory over 1\u2010year in TBI [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22128.72, 95% CI (\u221218, \u22122.7),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03]. We externally validated those findings in TRACK\u2010TBI where axonal injury within 2\u2009weeks after mTBI was significantly associated with higher sleep disturbances in the TBI group at 2\u2009weeks[\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22127.2, 95% CI (\u221214, \u22120.50),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.04], 6\u2009months [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221216, 95% CI (\u221224, \u22127.6),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.01], and 12\u2009months post\u2010injury [\n                      <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221211, 95% CI (\u221219, \u22120.85),\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03]. These associations were not significant in controls.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretations<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Axonal injury, specifically to the left anterior internal capsule is robustly associated with sleep disturbances in multiple TBI populations. Early assessment of axonal injury following mTBI could identify those at risk for persistent sleep disturbances following injury.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52145","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,20]],"date-time":"2024-07-20T00:39:27Z","timestamp":1721435967000},"page":"2314-2326","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Axonal injury, sleep disturbances, and memory following traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"11","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7960-9844","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emma M.","family":"Tinney","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive &amp; Brain Health Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goretti","family":"Espa\u00f1a\u2010Irla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Cognitive &amp; Brain Health Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Physical Therapy, Movement &amp; Rehabilitation Sciences Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aaron E.L.","family":"Warren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurosurgery Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lauren N.","family":"Whitehurst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Kentucky  Lexington Kentucky USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra M","family":"Stillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center  Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles H.","family":"Hillman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Northeastern University  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Center for Cognitive &amp; 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