{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T18:29:40Z","timestamp":1789842580165,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,16]],"date-time":"2024-12-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1734307200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate retinal layer thinning as a biomarker of disease\u2010modifying treatment (DMT) effects in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>From an ongoing prospective observational study, we included patients with RMS, who (i) had an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan within 6 to 12\u2009months after DMT start (rebaseline) and\u2009\u22651 follow\u2010up OCT \u226512\u2009months after rebaseline and (ii) adhered to DMT during follow\u2010up. Differences between DMT in thinning of peripapillary\u2010retinal\u2010nerve\u2010fiber\u2010layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell\u2010plus\u2010inner plexiform\u2010layer (GCIPL) were analyzed using mixed\u2010effects linear regression. Eyes suffering optic neuritis during follow\u2010up were excluded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We included 291 RMS patients (mean age 30.8\u2009years [SD 7.9], 72.9% female, median disease duration 9\u2009months [range 6\u201394], median rebaseline\u2010to\u2010last\u2010follow\u2010up\u2010interval 32\u2009months [12\u201382]).<\/jats:p><jats:p>Mean annualized rates of retinal layer thinning (%\/year) in reference to DMF (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200984, GCIPL 0.28, pRNFL 0.53) were similar under TERI (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918, GCIPL 0.34, pRNFL 0.59), GLAT (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200924, GCIPL 0.32, pRNFL 0.56), and IFNb (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200913, GCIPL 0.33, pRNFL 0.60) were slightly lower under S1PM (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200927, GCIPL 0.19, pRNFL 0.42) and CLA (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200923, GCIPL 0.20, pRNFL 0.42), and were significantly lower under NTZ (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200947, GCIPL 0.09, pRNFL 0.24; both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and antiCD20 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200955, GCIPL 0.10, pRNFL 0.23; both <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). In patients achieving NEDA\u20102, observed thinning rates were lower overall, but still significantly lower under NTZ and antiCD20.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Applying a rebaselining concept, retinal layer thinning differentiates DMT effects even in clinically stable patients and, thus, might be a useful biomarker to monitor DMT efficacy on subclinical neuroaxonal degeneration\u2014at least on a group level.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52279","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,17]],"date-time":"2024-12-17T06:39:40Z","timestamp":1734417580000},"page":"345-354","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Retinal thinning differentiates treatment effects in relapsing multiple sclerosis below the clinical threshold"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0825-0851","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel","family":"Bsteh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harald","family":"Hegen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4146-5870","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nik","family":"Krajnc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fabian","family":"F\u00f6ttinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2983-3693","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Altmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"},{"name":"Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health Medical University of Vienna  Vienna Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Auer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Medical University of Innsbruck  Innsbruck 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