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Memory consolidation, a key stage of episodic memory, stabilizes this newly encoded information into long\u2010lasting brain \u201cstorage.\u201d Studies using fMRI to investigate post\u2010encoding awake rest holds promise to shed light on early, immediate consolidation mechanisms. Here, we review fMRI studies during episodic memory to document common methods to investigate post\u2010encoding consolidation, such as multivoxel pattern analysis (MVPA) and functional connectivity, and the current state of the science in both healthy younger and older adults. In young adults, post\u2010encoding reactivation of stimuli\u2010specific neural patterns in the hippocampus and its connectivity with cortical and subcortical areas (e.g., visual\u2010temporal cortex, medial prefrontal, and medial parietal cortex) correlate with subsequent memory performance. Conversely, studies in older adults highlight the importance of large\u2010scale brain networks during post\u2010encoding rest, particularly the default mode network (DMN). Alterations in connectivity between the DMN and task\u2010positive networks may help older adults maintain episodic memory. Furthermore, non\u2010invasive brain stimulation techniques can enhance these post\u2010encoding consolidation processes and improve memory performance in both younger and older adults. Notably, a lack of studies has investigated post\u2010encoding memory consolidation in neurodegenerative disorders. This review underscores the importance of understanding how post\u2010encoding neural reactivation and connectivity evolve with age to partially explain age\u2010related declines in episodic memory performance and how such declines can be restored.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52290","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,8]],"date-time":"2025-01-08T00:42:08Z","timestamp":1736296928000},"page":"246-254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Reactivation and consolidation of memory traces during post\u2010encoding rest across the adult lifespan"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Destaw B.","family":"Mekbib","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Binghamton University  Binghamton New York 13902 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