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subjected to quantitative Western blotting for Cx43, single\u2010molecule array for neurofilament\u2010L, and quantitative polymerase chain reaction for non\u2010coding RNAs detected by RNA sequencing. Sera from control and astroglia\u2010specific Cx43 inducible conditional knockout (<jats:italic>Cx43\u2010icKO<\/jats:italic>) mice with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) were also tested.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ex\u2010GJA1\u201029k was markedly higher in MS than in NMOSD, OIND, and HC; it successively increased at relapse, remission, and secondary progression, and positively correlated with disability scores. Ex\u2010hsa\u2010miR\u2010133b and other hsa\u2010miRs that bind to full\u2010length Cx43 were significantly lower in secondary\u2010progressive MS than in HC, and Ex\u2010hsa\u2010miR\u2010133b was negatively correlated with disability scores. Ex\u2010GJA1\u201011k expression was lower in NMOSD at relapse than in HC and OIND, and was negatively correlated with disability score worsening and Ex\u2010neurofilament\u2010L levels. NMOSD at relapse had significantly higher expression of small nucleolar RNA (SNORD37, SNORD95, and SNORD97) than HC, and SNORD37 and SNORD95 showed strong negative correlations with disability scores. Control mice showed increased Ex\u2010GJA1\u201043k and \u201029k during EAE; this effect was markedly reduced in <jats:italic>Cx43\u2010icKO<\/jats:italic> mice with attenuated EAE.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood Ex\u2010Cx43\u2010truncated isoforms and small non\u2010coding RNAs, which partially come from brain astroglia, are distinctly dysregulated in MS and NMSOD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.52307","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,4]],"date-time":"2025-02-04T07:30:36Z","timestamp":1738654236000},"page":"538-555","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Blood exosome connexins and small <scp>RNAs<\/scp> related to demyelinating disease activity"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Guzailiayi","family":"Maimaitijiang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Translational Neuroscience Research 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