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Voxel\u2010based morphometry was utilized to evaluate gray matter volume, and resting state functional connectivity and Network Based Statistics were applied to assess the functional organization of the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gray matter volume was decreased bilaterally in motor areas (supplementary motor cortex, specifically Frontal Eye Fields) and beyond (left inferior frontal sulcus). Additionally, gray matter volume increased in right middle frontal gyrus. Functional connectivity increased in a widespread network within and across temporal lobes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>We provide preliminary evidence for a link between <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> neurological complications and changes in adult human brain structure and functional organization, comprising both motor\u2010related regions potentially secondary to prolonged <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNS<\/jats:styled-content> weakness, and nonsomatomotor regions indicative of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PNS<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010independent alternations. The latter included the temporal lobes, particularly vulnerable in a range of neurological conditions. While future studies into the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010related neuroinflammatory mechanisms in adults are urgently needed, this study indicates that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ZIKV<\/jats:styled-content> infection can lead to an impact on the brain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,5,17]],"date-time":"2018-05-17T03:24:46Z","timestamp":1526527486000},"page":"752-762","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Impact of Zika Virus on adult human brain structure and functional organization"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Bido\u2010Medina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801"},{"name":"Neuroscience Program University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonathan","family":"Wirsich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Urbana Illinois 61801"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minelly","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Salvador B. 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