{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T21:24:55Z","timestamp":1791235495444,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,27]],"date-time":"2018-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1538006400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS071463"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS071463"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>We previously identified air quality as a risk factor of interest for pediatric multiple sclerosis. The purpose of this study is to more closely examine the association between the six criteria air pollutants and pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> as well as identify specific areas of toxic release using data from the Toxic Release Inventory.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> cases (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 290) and healthy controls (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic> = 442) were included as part of an ongoing case\u2013control study. We used the National Emissions Inventory system to estimate particulate exposure by county of residence for each participant. Proximity to Toxic Release Inventory (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRI<\/jats:styled-content>) sites was also assessed using Arc<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GIS<\/jats:styled-content> mapping tools. Risk\u2010Screening Environmental Indicators (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSEI<\/jats:styled-content>) classified counties at risk to exposure of environmental toxic releases.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fine particulate matter (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PM<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2.5<\/jats:sub>), carbon monoxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>), sulfur dioxide (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>), and lead air emissions were associated with increased odds for pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.01) for those residing within 20 miles of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> center. Most study participants (75%) resided within 5 miles of at least one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TRI<\/jats:styled-content> site; however, the mean total pounds of stack air releases was higher for sites near <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content> cases (81,000 tons) compared to those near healthy controls (35,000 tons, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002). Average <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RSEI<\/jats:styled-content> scores did not differ significantly between cases and controls.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Out of several air pollutants examined, we show that fine particulate matter and three other criteria pollutants (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SO<\/jats:styled-content><jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CO<\/jats:styled-content>, and lead) were statistically associated with higher odds for pediatric <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MS<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.616","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,9,28]],"date-time":"2018-09-28T04:08:43Z","timestamp":1538107723000},"page":"1146-1153","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Urban air quality and associations with pediatric multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Amy M.","family":"Lavery","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Child Neurology Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emmanuelle","family":"Waubant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of California San Francisco San Francisco California"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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