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To enroll\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects as early as possible following diagnosis, subjects were eligible with only asymmetric bradykinesia or tremor plus a dopamine transporter (\n DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) binding deficit on\n SPECT<\/jats:styled-content>\n imaging. Acquisition of data was standardized as detailed at\n www.ppmi-info.org<\/jats:ext-link>\n .\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Approximately 9% of enrolled subjects had a single\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n sign at baseline.\n DAT<\/jats:styled-content>\n imaging excluded 16% of potential\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects with\n SWEDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . The total\n MDS<\/jats:styled-content>\n \u2010\n UPDRS<\/jats:styled-content>\n for\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n was 32.4 compared to 4.6 for\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n and 28.2 for\n SWEDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n . On average,\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n subjects demonstrated 45% and 68% reduction in mean striatal and contralateral putamen Specific Binding Ratios (\n SBR<\/jats:styled-content>\n ), respectively. Cerebrospinal fluid (\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n ) was acquired from >97% of all subjects.\n CSF<\/jats:styled-content>\n (PD\/HC\/SWEDD pg\/mL) \u03b1\u2010synuclein (1845\/2204\/2141) was reduced in\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n vs\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n or\n SWEDD<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.03). Similarly,\n t<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tau (45\/53) and\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2010tau (16\/18) were reduced in\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n versus\n HC<\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n P\u00a0<\/jats:italic>\n <\u00a00.01),\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n \n PPMI<\/jats:styled-content>\n has detailed the biomarker signature for an early\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n cohort defined by clinical features and imaging biomarkers. This strategy provides the framework to establish biomarker cohorts and to define longitudinal progression biomarkers to support future\n PD<\/jats:styled-content>\n treatment trials.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.644","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,1]],"date-time":"2018-11-01T00:10:46Z","timestamp":1541031046000},"page":"1460-1477","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":720,"title":["The Parkinson's progression markers initiative (PPMI) \u2013 establishing a PD biomarker cohort"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Marek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neurodegenerative Disorders New Haven Connecticut"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sohini","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Michael J. 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