{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T07:08:12Z","timestamp":1786604892169,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,19]],"date-time":"2019-01-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1547856000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG 4212\u2010A\u20104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG 4212\u2010A\u20104"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RG\u20101606\u201008768"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RG\u20101606\u201008768"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000890","name":"National Multiple Sclerosis Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["TR 3760\u2010A\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["TR 3760\u2010A\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000890","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01NS082347"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01NS082347"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>Optical coherence tomography (OCT<\/jats:styled-content>)\u2010derived measures of the retina correlate with disability and cortical gray matter atrophy in multiple sclerosis (MS<\/jats:styled-content>); however, whether such measures predict long\u2010term disability is unknown. We evaluated whether a single OCT<\/jats:styled-content> and visual function assessment predict the disability status 10\u00a0years later.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>Between 2006 and 2008, 172 people with MS<\/jats:styled-content> underwent Stratus time domain\u2010OCT<\/jats:styled-content> imaging [160 with measurement of total macular volume (TMV<\/jats:styled-content>)] and high and low\u2010contrast letter acuity (LCLA<\/jats:styled-content>) testing (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0150; 87%). All participants had Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS<\/jats:styled-content>) assessments at baseline and at 10\u2010year follow\u2010up. We applied generalized linear regression models to assess associations between baseline TMV<\/jats:styled-content>, peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (pRNFL<\/jats:styled-content>) thickness, and LCLA<\/jats:styled-content> with 10\u2010year EDSS<\/jats:styled-content> scores (linear) and with clinically significant EDSS<\/jats:styled-content> worsening (binary), adjusting for age, sex, optic neuritis history, and baseline disability status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In multivariable models, lower baseline TMV<\/jats:styled-content> was associated with higher 10\u2010year EDSS<\/jats:styled-content> scores (mean increase in EDSS<\/jats:styled-content> of 0.75 per 1\u00a0mm3<\/jats:sup> loss in TMV<\/jats:styled-content> (mean difference\u00a0=\u00a00.75; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.11\u20131.39; P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.02). In analyses using tertiles, individuals in the lowest tertile of baseline TMV<\/jats:styled-content> had an average 0.86 higher EDSS<\/jats:styled-content> scores at 10\u00a0years (mean difference\u00a0=\u00a00.86; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 0.23\u20131.48) and had over 3.5\u2010fold increased odds of clinically significant EDSS<\/jats:styled-content> worsening relative to those in the highest tertile of baseline TMV<\/jats:styled-content> (OR<\/jats:styled-content>: 3.58; 95% CI<\/jats:styled-content>: 1.30\u20139.82; P<\/jats:italic>trend\u00a0<\/jats:sub>=\u00a00.008). pRNFL<\/jats:styled-content> and LCLA<\/jats:styled-content> predicted the 10\u2010year EDSS<\/jats:styled-content> scores only in univariate models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Interpretation<\/jats:title>Lower baseline TMV<\/jats:styled-content> measured by OCT<\/jats:styled-content> significantly predicts higher disability at 10\u00a0years, even after accounting for baseline disability status.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,20]],"date-time":"2019-01-20T05:10:01Z","timestamp":1547961001000},"page":"222-232","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Retinal measurements predict 10\u2010year disability in multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Alissa","family":"Rothman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olwen C.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn C.","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Johns Hopkins University 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