{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T04:30:16Z","timestamp":1781152216647,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]],"date-time":"2025-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744070400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To report Long COVID characteristics and longitudinal courses of patients evaluated between 4\/14\/21\u20134\/14\/22 at the University of Pennsylvania Neurological COVID Clinic (PNCC), including clinical symptoms, neurological examination findings, and neurocognitive screening tests from a standardized PNCC neurological evaluation approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a retrospective cross\u2010sectional and longitudinal study in a single\u2010center tertiary care academic center. Participants include 240 patients with documented evidence of a positive SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 PCR or antibody test who underwent initial evaluation and 182 patients with longitudinal follow\u2010up. Main outcomes evaluated are patient demographics, duration of illness prior to self\u2010reported improvement, and cognitive testing results\u2014including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (version 8.2) (MoCA) and Oral Trail Making Test\u2010B (OTMT\u2010B).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority (73%) of patients did not require hospitalization for their acute COVID\u201019 symptoms. Frequent Long COVID complaints included headache (60%), dizziness\/vertigo (40%), and disturbance of taste\/smell (40%). Almost all (94%) patients reported cognitive symptoms, and over 30% of patients had abnormal scores on cognitive testing. Severe infection, fewer years of education level, and non\u2010White race were found to be statistically associated with an increased likelihood of having abnormal scores on cognitive testing. Neuroimaging and clinical laboratory testing were largely not informative for patient care. Sixty\u2010two percent of patients with follow\u2010up visits self\u2010reported improvement in their primary neurological complaint within 1\u2009year of evaluation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Performance on standardized cognitive screening tests may not be consistent with frequently reported cognitive complaints in Long COVID patients. The most common clinical trajectory was self\u2010reported improvement in the primary neurological symptom.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70031","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,9]],"date-time":"2025-04-09T04:44:17Z","timestamp":1744173857000},"page":"1126-1134","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Clinical Phenotyping of Long <scp>COVID<\/scp> Patients Evaluated in a Specialized Neuro\u2010<scp>COVID<\/scp> Clinic"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8402-5040","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luana D.","family":"Yamashita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neel","family":"Desai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail R.","family":"Manning","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caitlin","family":"Pileggi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara Manning","family":"Peskin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle K.","family":"Sandsmark","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dennis L.","family":"Kolson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0157-5669","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthew K.","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology University of Pennsylvania  Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsb2408466"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(22)01214\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.19719"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PR9.0000000000000913"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare9050575"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S387501"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26649"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pmrj.12976"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0145482x1010400606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/arclin\/acq006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010023\u201048502\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.genhosppsych.2022.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38933.585764.AE"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/MSM.931447"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2018.00111"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2022.823218"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.1065620"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention \u201cSigns and Symptoms of Long COVID \u201d2024 https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/covid\/long\u2010term\u2010effects\/long\u2010covid\u2010signs\u2010symptoms.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051915"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010022\u201007062\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"S.Wulf Hanson C.Abbafati J. 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