{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,17]],"date-time":"2026-09-17T16:41:00Z","timestamp":1789663260998,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010896","name":"International Cooperation and Exchange Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82320108007"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82320108007"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy (GFAP\u2010A) is a recently defined nosological form belonging to the class of autoimmune inflammatory disorders affecting the central nervous system (CNS). Here, we report the clinical and MRI characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of a GFAP\u2010A cohort from two centers in China.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively analyzed the data from 38 adult patients with positive GFAP antibodies and diagnosed as GFAP\u2010A between June 2019 and September 2024. Clinical features, semiquantitative antibody test results, MRI features, treatment approaches, and prognosis were collected.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among the 38 patients, 24 were male, and the median age at disease onset was 49.5\u2009years. The clinical phenotype included encephalomyelitis (28.9%), myelitis (23.7%), encephalitis (18.4%), meningoencephalomyelitis (18.4%), meningitis\/spinal meningitis (7.9%), and peripheral neuropathy (2.6%). In enhanced MRI images, 4 (10.5%) of the patients showed enhancement of the cerebral meninges, 2 (5.3%) had enhancement of the ependyma, and 5 (13.2%) had enhancement of the spinal cord pia mater. 77.1% of the patients responded to the glucocorticoid treatment, while 65.8% had a monophasic course. Spearman correlation analysis showed that CSF\u2010specific oligoclonal bands were significantly correlated with 1\u2010year relapse (CI\u2009=\u20090.527, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.003).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical manifestations of GFAP\u2010A are highly diverse, encompassing encephalitis, myelitis, and meningitis, including spinal meningitis. The enhancement of the spinal pia mater and ependyma on MRI was confirmed. Most patients exhibit a positive response to glucocorticoid therapy. The presence of CSF\u2010specific oligoclonal bands could potentially serve as an indicator for predicting recurrence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70118","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,11]],"date-time":"2025-07-11T05:29:57Z","timestamp":1752211797000},"page":"1813-1822","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein Astrocytopathy Based on a Two\u2010Center Chinese Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-5427-4581","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ti","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin Medical University General Hospital  Tianjin China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Tianjin Medical University 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Clinical Research Center Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin and Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexej","family":"Verkhratsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, the University of Manchester  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6378-0070","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Friedemann","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center Max Delbr\u00fcck Center for Molecular Medicine Berlin and Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Berlin  Berlin 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