{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T19:43:13Z","timestamp":1773171793980,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750982400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Human T\u2010lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV\u20101)\u2010associated myelopathy\/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM\/TSP) is the classic neurological manifestation of HTLV\u20101 infection; however, this virus has also been associated with other neurological disorders. Concurrent parkinsonism is relatively rare and presents diagnostic challenges. The present study aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of HAM\/TSP with parkinsonism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective study included HAM\/TSP patients hospitalized in Kagoshima University Hospital from January 2000 to March 2022. Clinical and laboratory findings of the HAM\/TSP patients with parkinsonism (P\u2010HAM) were collected from the medical records and compared with HAM\/TSP patients without parkinsonism (typical HAM\/TSP [T\u2010HAM]). P\u2010HAM cases were defined as patients presenting with any combination of rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia, and\/or postural instability, with these symptoms not attributed to HAM\/TSP.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 246 HAM\/TSP patients, 11 (4.5%) presented with parkinsonism. Compared with T\u2010HAM, the age of onset was significantly older (65.0 vs. 48.8\u2009years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) in patients with P\u2010HAM. Moreover, despite a shorter illness duration (8.5 vs. 12.5\u2009years, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.151), the Osame Motor Disability Score was significantly higher in P\u2010HAM cases than in T\u2010HAM cases (6.3 vs. 4.6, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.0132), and all P\u2010HAM cases had scores \u2265\u20094. Laboratory findings showed no differences between the groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>In our cohort, 4.5% of HAM\/TSP patients had concomitant parkinsonism, which was associated with a later age of onset and greater disease severity. The coexistence of parkinsonism in HAM\/TSP may be underrecognized, and our findings expand the clinical spectrum of neurological disease with HTLV\u20101 infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]],"date-time":"2025-06-27T14:19:21Z","timestamp":1751033961000},"page":"1962-1970","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Characteristics of Parkinsonism in <scp>HTLV<\/scp>\u20101\u2010Associated Myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9258-1077","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mika","family":"Dozono","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4909-7769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satoshi","family":"Nozuma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shota","family":"Hirakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Yoshida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Kodama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Masakazu","family":"Tanaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eiji","family":"Matsuura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryuji","family":"Kubota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neuroimmunology, Joint Research Center for Human Retrovirus Infection Kagoshima University  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hiroshi","family":"Takashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Geriatrics Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences  Kagoshima Japan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.12.7415"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.28606"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-020-00881-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(85)92734-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)91298-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00388"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.23181"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(18)30295-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30320-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s10038-022-01058-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-022-00684-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.parkreldis.2010.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2019.00652"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3233\/JPD-202279"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.3895"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-022-02536-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/13550289509111010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(06)70628-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e31815f38b7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","article-title":"Parkinsonism in a Patient With Human T\u2010Lymphotropic Virus 1 Myelopathy","volume":"10","author":"Afzal H.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.20402"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-018-0632-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(19)30402-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","volume-title":"Review of WHO Kagoshima Meeting and Diagnostic Guidelines for HAM\/TSP","author":"Osame M.","year":"1990"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","first-page":"14","article-title":"HTLV\u20101 Associated Myelopathy (HAM), Treatment Trials, Retrospective Survey and Clinical Laboratory Findings","volume":"3","author":"Osame M.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Hematology Review"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26424"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000004058"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.29005"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.26987"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(09)70288-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004019900170"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NEN.0000000000000141"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-510X(02)00413-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13365-021-00944-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.19.1.80-94.2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25945"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.70121","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,14]],"date-time":"2025-10-14T01:21:19Z","timestamp":1760404879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acn3.70121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acn3.70121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.70121","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-9503","2328-9503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-9503","type":"print"},{"value":"2328-9503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-03-27","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-06","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-06-27","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}