{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T16:18:41Z","timestamp":1789402721528,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82371330"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82371330"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82460251"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82460251"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Olfactory dysfunction is frequently observed in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS); however, its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To date, no studies have directly examined the nasal mucosal microbiota in MS. This study aimed to explore potential relationships among olfactory function, nasal microbiota composition, and superior turbinate volume in MS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This single\u2010center observational study included 42 patients with MS and 37 healthy controls (HC) in China. Olfactory function was evaluated using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test (UPSIT). Deep nasal microbiota profiles and MRI\u2010based measurements of superior turbinate volume were analyzed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A reduced relative abundance of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Prevotella buccalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>P. buccalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) was observed in MS with lower UPSIT scores (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.030). In HC, a positive correlation was found between UPSIT scores and the superior turbinate volume (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>p<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.329,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.041), whereas no such correlation was observed in MS (\n                      <jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>s<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.022,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.625), suggesting a dissociation between olfactory performance and turbinate morphology in MS. Additionally, in MS, superior turbinate volume showed negative correlations with several genera, including\n                      <jats:italic>Cupriavidus<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Methylobacterium\u2010Methylorubrum<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>Ideonella<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>Acinetobacter<\/jats:italic>\n                      (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05), indicating potential associations between mucosal structure and microbial composition.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      These preliminary findings suggest that alterations in nasal microbiota may be linked to olfactory impairment and mucosal structural changes in MS. While\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>P. buccalis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      emerged as a potential microbial correlate of olfactory dysfunction, its role remains unclear and may reflect secondary ecological shifts. Further mechanistic studies and larger cohorts are needed to determine causality and assess the diagnostic or therapeutic value of nasal microbiome features in MS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70181","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,16]],"date-time":"2025-09-16T12:15:43Z","timestamp":1758024943000},"page":"2546-2557","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Exploring Nasal Structural\u2010Microbial Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis\u2010Associated Olfactory Impairment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Zidan","family":"Gao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University Guizhou Medical University  Guiyang City Guizhou Province 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