{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:35:45Z","timestamp":1786988145917,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770940800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Patients with\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010methyl\u2010D\u2010aspartate (NMDA) receptor\u2010immunoglobulin G (IgG) autoimmune encephalitis (NMDAR\u2010IgG AE) demonstrate occipital lobe hypometabolism on baseline brain fluorodeoxyglucose\u2010positron emission tomography (bFDG\u2010PET). The goal of this study was to determine whether there is an association between bFDG\u2010PET findings, disease severity, and clinical outcomes in these patients.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This retrospective analysis included adult patients with NMDAR\u2010IgG AE who underwent bFDG\u2010PET within 3\u2009months of symptom onset. Qualitative and quantitative assessments of bFDG\u2010PET findings were performed. Spearman's correlation analysis was used to evaluate potential associations between bFDG\u2010PET findings and clinical severity at diagnosis and at 1\u2009year using modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE) scores.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixteen patients (13 women, 3 men; median age, 29.0\u2009years) were included in the analysis. The median time between symptom onset and bFDG\u2010PET was 5\u2009weeks (interquartile range: 3\u20138). All patients received immunosuppressive therapy. Qualitative and quantitative assessments demonstrated the highest correlation between occipital lobe hypometabolism and clinical severity at diagnosis (Quantitative: mRS: \u22120.65 [95% confidence interval (CI): \u22120.87, \u22120.22]; CASE: \u20130.68 [95% CI: \u22120.88, \u22120.28]). At 1\u2009year (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200912), quantitative baseline occipital lobe hypometabolism was correlated with higher mRS scores (\u22120.71 [95% CI: \u22120.91, \u22120.23]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In patients with NMDAR\u2010IgG AE, occipital lobe hypometabolism on baseline bFDG\u2010PET is correlated with mRS and CASE scores at the time of diagnosis and mRS scores 1\u2009year later, suggesting that bFDG\u2010PET findings correlate with disease severity and longitudinal outcomes. However, studies with larger patient populations are needed to confirm these findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70343","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]],"date-time":"2026-02-13T15:34:51Z","timestamp":1770996891000},"page":"1581-1590","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>FDG<\/scp>\n                    \u2010\n                    <scp>PET<\/scp>\n                    Associations With Disease Severity and Outcomes in\n                    <scp>NMDA<\/scp>\n                    \u2010Receptor\n                    <scp>IgG<\/scp>\n                    Autoimmune Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5955-5145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan K.","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Diagnostics Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey","family":"Lambe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scott","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Diagnostics Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akua","family":"Abrah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Bullen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Quantitative Health Sciences Department Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey A.","family":"Cohen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tatchaporn","family":"Ongphichetmetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8387-6491","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amy","family":"Kunchok","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University  Cleveland Ohio USA"},{"name":"Mellen Center for Multiple Sclerosis Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2021.07.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.24195"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21050"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3174\/ajnr.A5593"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181fc2a06"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/NXI.0000000000000413"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2011-301969"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12880-023-01148-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000208019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.25421"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.26241"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000006783"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(15)00401-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"1694","article-title":"Quantitative Comparison of Spatial Normalization Algorithms for 3D PET Brain Scans","volume":"48","author":"Piper J.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","first-page":"1692","article-title":"Probabilistic Human Brain Atlas for Functional Imaging: Comparison to Single Brain Atlases","volume":"48","author":"Nelson A.","year":"2007","journal-title":"Journal of Nuclear Medicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.19.5.604"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.796965"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.braindev.2015.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/RLU.0000000000001164"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1756286421995635"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2018.03.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.916111"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2024.1490804"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(12)70310-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000210109"}],"container-title":["Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.70343","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/acn3.70343","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acn3.70343","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T17:06:00Z","timestamp":1786986360000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acn3.70343"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acn3.70343"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acn3.70343","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2328-9503","2328-9503"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2328-9503","type":"print"},{"value":"2328-9503","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-01","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-01-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-13","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}