{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:59:01Z","timestamp":1791197941526,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,24]],"date-time":"2026-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1774310400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      To evaluate [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]fluorodeprenyl\u2010D2 ([\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]F\u2010DED) positron\u2010emission tomography (PET) imaging as a biomarker of disease activity in autoimmune encephalitis (AIE) associated with glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) antibodies.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]F\u2010DED PET was performed in 25 GAD65\u2010AIE patients and 8 controls using dynamic (0\u201360\u2009min) and static (30\u201360\u2009min) acquisitions. Global astrogliosis was assessed by volumes of distribution (VT; 1\u2010tissue\u2010compartment model with carotid input) and standardized uptake values (SUV). Regional cerebellar and mesiotemporal (MT) uptake was normalized to global uptake (SUVr). PET measures were correlated with clinical phenotypes, MRI findings, and serum biomarkers (neurofilament light chain [sNfL], GAD65\u2010Ab titers, and glial fibrillary acidic protein [sGFAP]).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Clinical phenotypes included limbic encephalitis\/temporal lobe epilepsy (LE\/TLE;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200917), stiff\u2010person syndrome (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094), and cerebellar ataxia (CA;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094), with overlap in nine patients. Global [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]F\u2010DED uptake was higher in patients than controls. VT analysis showed increased cortical and MT uptake, while SUVr analysis demonstrated elevated MT uptake across the cohort. LE\/TLE patients exhibited increased MT uptake, and CA patients showed higher cerebellar uptake. [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]F\u2010DED uptake did not correlate with sNfL or GAD65\u2010Ab titers, but sGFAP showed associations with cerebellar and white\u2010matter uptake. Regional uptake correlated with clinical severity in LE\/TLE (MT lobe) and CA (cerebellar white matter).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      [\n                      <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>\n                      F]F\u2010DED PET reveals region\u2010specific astrogliosis corresponding to clinical manifestations and disease severity in GAD65\u2010AIE, supporting its potential as a monitoring tool for disease activity.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T04:15:05Z","timestamp":1774412105000},"page":"1978-1992","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["[\n                    <scp>\n                      <sup>18<\/sup>\n                      F\n                    <\/scp>\n                    ]Fluorodeprenyl\u2010\n                    <scp>\n                      D2\n                      <i>PET<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    as a Tool to Monitor Disease Activity in\n                    <scp>\n                      <i>GAD65\u2010Ab<\/i>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Autoimmune Encephalitis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Julia S.","family":"Dorneich","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6655-5557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jonathan A.","family":"Gernert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine LMU Munich  M\u00fcnchen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanna","family":"Zimmermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Neuroradiology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa","family":"Tagnin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianthi","family":"Zeinaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Sanzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Letizia","family":"Vogler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Kaufmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-4114-3748","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Justina","family":"Dargvainiene","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Schleswig\u2010Holstein  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8972-515X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frank","family":"Leypoldt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Clinical Chemistry University Hospital Schleswig\u2010Holstein  Kiel Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Christian\u2010Albrechts\u2010Universit\u00e4t Zu Kiel  Kiel Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G\u00e9rard N.","family":"Bischof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Life Molecular Imaging, GmbH  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert","family":"Perneczky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), university of Sheffield  Sheffield UK"},{"name":"German Center for 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U.","family":"H\u00f6glinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Munich  Germany"},{"name":"Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy)  Munich Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rudolf A.","family":"Werner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nuclear Medicine LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich  Munich Germany"},{"name":"Russell H. 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