{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T10:58:43Z","timestamp":1791197923681,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1775606400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["016.196.310"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["016.196.310"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      X\u2010linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X\u2010ALD) is a neurometabolic disorder caused by pathogenic variants in\n                      <jats:italic>ABCD1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , leading to slowly progressive spinal cord disease in nearly all affected men. Sensitive biomarkers to quantify disease severity and predict progression are needed for clinical care and trial design. Plasma neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) are promising biomarkers reflecting axonal and astroglial injury. This study evaluated their prognostic value for spinal cord disease progression in X\u2010ALD.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In a prospective, seven\u2010year longitudinal study, 66 adult male X\u2010ALD patients without cerebral involvement were followed. Plasma NfL and GFAP were measured using single\u2010molecule array (Simoa) technology. Patients were stratified by baseline biomarker levels using cohort\u2010based fourth\u2010quartile cut\u2010offs (NfL &lt;\u200915.7 vs. \u2265\u200915.7\u2009pg\/mL; GFAP &lt;\u200978.7 vs. \u2265\u200978.7\u2009pg\/mL). Age\u2010adjusted NfL residuals were calculated from baseline log\u2010transformed NfL regressed on age. Longitudinal trajectories of the EDSS, SSPROM, and 6\u2010MWT were analyzed using linear mixed\u2010effect models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      High baseline NfL was associated with faster EDSS progression (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and steeper SSPROM decline, with differences emerging within the first year. Overall plasma NfL levels remained stable over time (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.111). Age\u2010adjusted NfL residuals showed significant slope differences between the mean and high (+1 SD) and very high (+2 SD) groups. GFAP stratification showed limited prognostic value, with only a significant decline in both groups for SSPROM.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Baseline plasma NfL is a robust prognostic biomarker for spinal cord disease progression in adult X\u2010ALD and supports its use for patient stratification in clinical trials, whereas GFAP shows limited standalone utility.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70386","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]],"date-time":"2026-04-08T10:37:07Z","timestamp":1775644627000},"page":"2114-2123","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prognostic Value of Neurofilament Light Chain and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein in ALD\u2010Related Myelopathy"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"13","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2434-5292","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eda G.","family":"Kabak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam AZ the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marije M. C.","family":"Voermans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam AZ the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Heijst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam HV the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charlotte E.","family":"Teunissen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurochemistry Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry Amsterdam Neuroscience, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam  Amsterdam HV the Netherlands"},{"name":"Amsterdam Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration  Amsterdam HV the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Engelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology and Pediatric Neurology Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Leukodystrophy Center, Amsterdam University Medical Center  Amsterdam AZ the Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1172-7-51"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2016.90"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"377","article-title":"X\u2010linked Adrenoleukodystrophy","volume":"68","author":"Moser H. 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