{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T05:58:00Z","timestamp":1780898280321,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,7]],"date-time":"2026-06-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780790400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Differentiating remyelinated from demyelinated lesions in MS remains challenging without histological confirmation. This study introduces the T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010to\u2010PD\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      ratio (TPR) imaging approach and evaluates its ability to characterize MS lesions alongside other quantitative MRI (qMRI) metrics.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Thirty individuals with MS (mean age: 47.5\u2009\u00b1\u200911.5\u2009years) underwent 3\u2009T MRI using 3D gradient\u2010echo qMRI sequences to generate quantitative maps of T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , proton density (PD), T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      *, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), magnetization transfer ratio (MTR), and MT saturation index (MTsat). TPR images were derived from B\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010corrected T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PD maps. White matter hyperintense lesions on T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010weighted FLAIR were classified as hyper\u2010, hypo\u2010, or iso\u2010intense relative to normal\u2010appearing white matter on TPR. Lesion\u2010specific qMRI values were analyzed, and simulated signal intensities based on empirical T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      and PD values were used to illustrate TPR contrast. Statistical analyses included Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum tests and Spearman correlations (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We found that hyperintense lesions on TPR exhibited significantly higher T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      (1566\u2009ms), PD (0.96 a.u.), and T\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      * (92\u2009ms) values but lower MTR (37.3%) and MTsat (1.57%) compared to hypointense lesions (1085\u2009ms; 0.88 a.u.; 64\u2009ms; 46%; 2.48%, respectively). QSM values varied across lesion types.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In summary, TPR imaging visually differentiates MS lesions into hyper\u2010, hypo\u2010, and iso\u2010intense categories, whereas all lesions appear hyperintense on FLAIR. Hyperintense TPR lesions correspond to increased water and reduced myelin content, as confirmed by quantitative T\n                      <jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>\n                      , PD, and MT metrics, consistent with demyelination. In contrast, hypointense lesions may reflect tissue changes associated with repair processes such as remyelination.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70446","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,8]],"date-time":"2026-06-08T05:04:17Z","timestamp":1780895057000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["<scp>\n                      T\n                      <sub>1<\/sub>\n                    <\/scp>\n                    Over Squared Proton Density Ratio to Characterize Multiple Sclerosis Lesions"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"given":"Sarah J.","family":"Wright","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Scotty G.","family":"McKay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean Ramos","family":"Bou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fen","family":"Bao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vivian B.","family":"Truong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenyang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiology NYU Grossman School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anza B.","family":"Memon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Neurology Wayne State University School of Medicine  Detroit Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E. 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