{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T09:05:44Z","timestamp":1785229544333,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785196800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n \n To evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) measured in dried plasma spots versus conventional plasma\u2010 and serum\u2010GFAP testing for assessment of disease severity in aquaporin\u20104 immunoglobulin G\u2013positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (AQP4\u2010IgG\n +<\/jats:sup>\n NMOSD).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A neuroimmunological prospective cohort of remission samples from 70 participants with the diagnoses AQP4\u2010IgG\n +<\/jats:sup>\n NMOSD (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200919), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody\u2013associated disease (MOGAD;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20099), relapsing\u2013remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200928) and healthy controls (HC;\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200914) from a single center were included. GFAP concentrations were measured in frozen and thawed plasma and paired dried plasma spot (DPS) samples using an ultrasensitive proximity ligation\u2013based assay (nucleic acid\u2013linked immuno\u2010sandwich assay; NULISA). In NMOSD, GFAP was additionally quantified in paired serum samples using a single\u2010molecule array (Simoa) assay as a reference. Cross\u2010matrix correlations, diagnostic performance, and associations with neurological disability were evaluated.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n GFAP concentrations measured by NULISA correlated strongly between plasma and DPS samples across diagnostic groups and healthy controls. In NMOSD, plasma GFAP measured by NULISA showed strong concordance with serum GFAP quantified by Simoa. DPS\u2010derived and plasma\u2010derived GFAP demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for AQP4\u2010IgG\n +<\/jats:sup>\n NMOSD and was significantly associated with neurological disability as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Group\u2010wise comparisons across plasma and DPS showed retained elevation of GFAP in AQP4\u2010IgG\n +<\/jats:sup>\n NMOSD compared with the other diagnostic groups and healthy controls.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Interpretation<\/jats:title>\n GFAP quantification using the NULISA platform is feasible in plasma and DPS samples and enables reliable biomarker assessment in a potentially remote\u2010compatible setting. DPS\u2010derived GFAP measurements retained meaningful information on disability in NMOSD and may provide an analytical framework for future studies evaluating minimally invasive capillary or self\u2010sampling approaches.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.70504","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T08:54:03Z","timestamp":1785228843000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of Dried Plasma Spot\u2010Based Quantification of Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein as a Disease\u2010Associated Biomarker in Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1002","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1396-4138","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Wohlrab","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Evelyn","family":"Alvarez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alamar Biosciences Fremont, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roua","family":"Hamdi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bingqing","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alamar Biosciences Fremont, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hayeun","family":"Ji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alamar Biosciences Fremont, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niyati","family":"Jhaveri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Alamar Biosciences Fremont, California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8846-121X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patrick","family":"Schindler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (NCRC) Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (NCRC) Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pia S.","family":"Sperber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (NCRC) Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4833-5937","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Schmitz\u2010H\u00fcbsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neuroscience Clinical Research Center (NCRC) Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4906-5983","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederike C.","family":"Oertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC) Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Department of Neurology Charit\u00e9\u2010Universit\u00e4tsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universit\u00e4t Berlin and Humboldt\u2010Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin Berlin Germany"},{"name":"Einstein Center Digital Future Berlin Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisa","family":"Vorasoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Najib","family":"Kissani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine Cadi Ayyad University Marrakech Morocco"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falko","family":"B\u00f6hringer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Labor Berlin \u2013 Charit\u00e9 Vivantes Services GmbH Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6963-8892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jens","family":"Kuhle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Multiple Sclerosis Center and Research Centers for Clinical Neuroimmunology and Neuroscience (RC2NB) Neurology University and University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland"},{"name":"Department of Biomedicine and Clinical 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