{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T20:43:51Z","timestamp":1783802631984,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]],"date-time":"2019-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1546819200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012936","name":"GBS\/CIDP Foundation International","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012936","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Ann Clin Transl Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>We investigated clinical, biological, and electrophysiological risk factors for mechanical ventilation (MV) and patient outcomes in Bangladesh using one of the largest, prospective Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome (GBS) cohorts in developing world.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 693 GBS patients were included in two GBS studies conducted between 2006 and 2016 in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Associations between baseline characteristics and MV were tested using Fisher's exact test, \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test, or Mann\u2013Whitney <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, as appropriate. Risk factors for MV were assessed using multivariate logistic regression. Survival analysis was performed using Kaplan\u2013Meier method; comparisons between groups performed using log\u2010rank test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Of 693 patients, 155 (23%) required MV (median age, 26 years; interquartile range [IQR] 17\u201340). Among the ventilated patients, males were predominant (68%) than females. The most significant risk factor for MV was bulbar involvement (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]:19.07; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a089.00\u2013192.57, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.012). Other independently associated factors included dysautonomia (AOR:4.88; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a01.49\u201315.98, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.009) and severe muscle weakness at study entry (AOR:6.12; 95% CI\u00a0=\u00a00.64\u201358.57, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.048). At 6 months after disease onset, 20% of ventilated and 52% of non\u2010ventilated patients (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001) had recovered completely or with minor symptoms. Mortality rate was significantly higher among ventilated patients than non\u2010ventilated patients (41% vs. 7%, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Interpretation<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bulbar involvement, dysautonomia and severe muscle weakness were identified as the most important risk factors for MV among GBS patients from Bangladesh. The findings may help to develop predictive models for MV in GBS in developing countries to identify impending respiratory failure and proper clinical management of GBS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.706","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,9]],"date-time":"2019-01-09T02:54:04Z","timestamp":1547002444000},"page":"324-332","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Risk factors for respiratory failure in Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome in Bangladesh: a prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Zhahirul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nowshin","family":"Papri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulshan","family":"Ara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nutrition and Clinical Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanveen","family":"Ishaque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Surgery Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore Maryland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arafat U.","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Israt","family":"Jahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Badrul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory Sciences and Services Division icddr,b Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Quazi D.","family":"Mohammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Institute of Neurosciences and Hospital Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.21976"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"203","article-title":"Ventilatory management of respiratory failure in patients with severe Guillain\u2010Barr\u00e9 syndrome","volume":"1","author":"Aggarwal An 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