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Development of robust fluid biomarkers is critical to improve the diagnostic work\u2010up of FTD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Methods<\/jats:title>CSF<\/jats:styled-content> concentrations of placental growth factor (PlGF<\/jats:styled-content>) were measured in the discovery cohort including patients with FTD<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a027), Alzheimer disease (AD<\/jats:styled-content>) dementia (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a075), DLB<\/jats:styled-content> or PDD<\/jats:styled-content> (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a047), subcortical vascular dementia (VaD, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a033), mild cognitive impairment that later converted to AD<\/jats:styled-content> (MCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AD<\/jats:styled-content>, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a034), stable MCI<\/jats:styled-content> (sMCI<\/jats:styled-content>, n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a062), and 50 cognitively healthy controls from the Swedish BioFINDER<\/jats:styled-content> study. For validation, CSF<\/jats:styled-content> PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> was measured in additional independent cohort of FTD<\/jats:styled-content> patients (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a022) and controls (n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a018) from the Netherlands.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Results<\/jats:title>In the discovery cohort, MCI<\/jats:styled-content>, MCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AD<\/jats:styled-content>, AD<\/jats:styled-content> dementia, DLB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDD<\/jats:styled-content>, VaD, and FTD<\/jats:styled-content> patients all showed increased CSF<\/jats:styled-content> levels of PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> compared with controls (sMCI <\/jats:styled-content>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.019; MCI<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010AD <\/jats:styled-content>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.005; AD<\/jats:styled-content> dementia, DLB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDD<\/jats:styled-content>, VaD, and FTD<\/jats:styled-content> all P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> levels were 1.8\u20132.1\u2010fold higher in FTD<\/jats:styled-content> than in AD<\/jats:styled-content>, DLB<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010PDD<\/jats:styled-content> and VaD (all P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> distinguished with high accuracy FTD<\/jats:styled-content> from controls and sMCI<\/jats:styled-content> performing better than tau\/A\u03b2<\/jats:italic>42 (AUC<\/jats:styled-content> 0.954\u20130.996 versus 0.564\u20130.754, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.001). A combination of PlGF<\/jats:styled-content>, tau, and A\u03b2<\/jats:italic>42 (tau\/A\u03b2<\/jats:italic>42\/PlGF<\/jats:styled-content>) was more accurate than tau\/A\u03b2<\/jats:italic>42 when differentiating FTD<\/jats:styled-content> from a group of other dementias (AUC<\/jats:styled-content> 0.972 vs. 0.932, P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0<\u00a00.01). Increased CSF<\/jats:styled-content> levels of PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> in FTD<\/jats:styled-content> compared with controls were corroborated in the validation cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>Interpretation<\/jats:title>CSF<\/jats:styled-content> PlGF<\/jats:styled-content> is increased in FTD<\/jats:styled-content> compared with other dementia disorders, MCI<\/jats:styled-content>, and healthy controls and might be useful as a diagnostic biomarker of FTD<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acn3.763","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,30]],"date-time":"2019-03-30T04:09:45Z","timestamp":1553918985000},"page":"863-872","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["CSF<\/scp> placental growth factor \u2013 a novel candidate biomarker of frontotemporal 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