{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,18]],"date-time":"2026-10-18T17:08:57Z","timestamp":1792343337743,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]],"date-time":"2021-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1616544000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000589","name":"Chief Scientist Office","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000589","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Applied Cognitive Psychology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Summary<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Studies examining the effect of social isolation on cognitive function typically involve older adults and\/or specialist groups (e.g., expeditions). We considered the effects of COVID\u201019\u2010induced social isolation on cognitive function within a representative sample of the general population. We additionally considered how participants \u2018shielding\u2019 due to underlying health complications, or living alone, performed. We predicted that performance would be poorest under strictest, most\u2010isolating conditions. At five timepoints over 13\u2009weeks, participants (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 342; aged 18\u201372\u2009years) completed online tasks measuring attention, memory, decision\u2010making, time\u2010estimation, and learning. Participants indicated their mood as \u2018lockdown\u2019 was eased. Performance typically improved as opportunities for social contact increased. Interactions between participant sub\u2010groups and timepoint demonstrated that performance was shaped by individuals' social isolation levels. Social isolation is linked to cognitive decline in the absence of ageing covariates. The impact of social isolation on cognitive function should be considered when implementing prolonged pandemic\u2010related restrictive conditions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/acp.3821","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,18]],"date-time":"2021-03-18T02:50:41Z","timestamp":1616035841000},"page":"935-947","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":75,"title":["Social isolation during\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 lockdown impairs cognitive function"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2419-8181","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joanne","family":"Ingram","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education and Social Science University of the West of Scotland  Paisley UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1536-4005","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Hand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Glasgow Caledonian University  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5687-1302","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg","family":"Maciejewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Education and Social Science University of the West of Scotland  Paisley UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13415-013-0204-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3758\/s13428-019-01237-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000147473.04043.B3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Bates D. 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