{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T20:55:06Z","timestamp":1792270506964,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1277424000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Current patient\u2010reported outcome measures of fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have limitations, providing only a global perspective. This study constructed a questionnaire (the Bristol RA Fatigue Multi\u2010Dimensional Questionnaire [BRAF\u2010MDQ]) from 45 preliminary questions derived from analysis of patient interviews and surveys and explored its structure for fatigue dimensions. The BRAF\u2010MDQ and short BRAF numerical rating scales (NRS) and visual analog scales (VAS) for severity, effect, and ability to cope with fatigue were evaluated for validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred twenty\u2010nine RA patients with fatigue (VAS score \u22655 of 10) completed preliminary BRAF and comparator fatigue scales. Iterative analyses informed item removal or retention in the BRAF\u2010MDQ and identification of subscales (using Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency and factor analysis to identify dimensions). The BRAF\u2010MDQ and short scales were tested in relation to potentially associated variables for criterion and construct validity (Spearman's correlation).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The 20\u2010item BRAF\u2010MDQ had good internal consistency (Cronbach's \u03b1 = 0.932), criterion validity (correlation with other fatigue scales: r = 0.643\u20130.813), and construct validity (correlations with disability, mood, helplessness, and pain: r = 0.340\u20130.627). Factor analysis showed 4 distinct dimensions (physical fatigue, living with fatigue, cognition fatigue, and emotional fatigue), which correlated well with the RA Multidimensional Assessment of Fatigue scale (r = 0.548\u20130.834). The BRAF VAS and NRS showed similar criterion and construct validity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The BRAF instruments include standardized NRS and VAS for fatigue severity, effect, and coping, are RA specific, and have evidence to support validity. The BRAF\u2010MDQ uniquely measures 4 separate dimensions, which may facilitate development of individually\u2010tailored fatigue management programs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20282","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,6,25]],"date-time":"2010-06-25T11:22:23Z","timestamp":1277464943000},"page":"1559-1568","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":151,"title":["Measuring fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: A cross\u2010sectional study to evaluate the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multi\u2010Dimensional questionnaire, visual analog scales, and numerical rating scales"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"62","author":[{"given":"Joanna","family":"Nicklin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fiona","family":"Cramp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Kirwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosemary","family":"Greenwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Hewlett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","first-page":"1407","article-title":"The prevalence and meaning of fatigue in rheumatic disease","volume":"23","author":"Wolfe K","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","first-page":"73","article-title":"Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"4","author":"Milton H","year":"2002","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21450"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/17460816.2.5.439"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","first-page":"1171","article-title":"Patient perspective: reasons and methods for measuring fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Kirwan JR","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00275.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3310\/hta2140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1790030203"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.06.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22611"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","volume-title":"The development of scales to measure fatigue in people with rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Nicklin J","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","first-page":"545","article-title":"Do existing scales capture the multi\u2010dimensional aspects of rheumatoid arthritis fatigue [abstract]?","volume":"47","author":"Nicklin J","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2007.00272.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","first-page":"811","article-title":"Validation of the functional assessment of chronic illness therapy fatigue scale relative to other instrumentation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"32","author":"Cella D","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","volume-title":"Dimensions and correlates of fatigue in older adults with rheumatoid arthritis","author":"Tack BB","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","volume-title":"Profile of mood states manual","author":"McNair D","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/keh170"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/msc.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3999(94)00125-O"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(02)00600-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_2","volume-title":"Health measurement scales: a practical guide to their development and use","author":"Streiner D","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780310302"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.1991.tb01803.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780230202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/25.2.206"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_2","first-page":"427","article-title":"Factor structure of the Arthritis Helplessness Index","volume":"15","author":"Stein MJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_2","first-page":"1712","article-title":"Evaluation and documentation of rheumatoid arthritis disease status in the clinic: which variables best predict change in therapy?","volume":"28","author":"Wolfe F","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_2","volume-title":"Questionnaire design, interviewing and attitude measurement","author":"Oppenheim AN","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_2","volume-title":"SPSS survival manual: a step by step guide to data analysis using SPSS for Windows, version 12","author":"Pallant J","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_2","unstructured":"HuntN TyrrellS NicholsonJ. Discuss regression and correlation.2002. URL:www.coventry.ac.uk\/ec\/\u223cnhunt\/regress\/good4.html."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_2","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences","author":"Cohen J","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511518201"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1586\/14737167.6.5.495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-6918(02)00150-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_2","first-page":"i135","article-title":"Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis: what are we measuring? A factor analysis of fatigue instruments","volume":"48","author":"Pollard LC","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rheumatology (Oxford)"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.059279"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/rtnp.20.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_2","first-page":"1896","article-title":"Fatigue assessments in rheumatoid arthritis: comparative performance of visual analog scales and longer fatigue questionnaires in 7760 patients","volume":"31","author":"Wolfe F","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3999(03)00371-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-7-16"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_2","first-page":"1550","article-title":"Visual analog scales in formats other than a 10\u2010centimeter horizontal line to assess pain and other clinical data","volume":"35","author":"Pincus T","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1197\/aemj.9.5.403-b"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11136-004-0833-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1442-2026.2003.00499.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.08.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_2","first-page":"280","article-title":"Determining the minimal clinically important differences in activity, fatigue, and sleep quality in patients with rheumatoid arthritis","volume":"34","author":"Wells G","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Facr.20282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.20282","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T16:58:37Z","timestamp":1759424317000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.20282"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.20282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.20282","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11]]}}}