{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T20:07:30Z","timestamp":1787170050173,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]],"date-time":"2011-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296172800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We undertook a prospective cohort study to ascertain the risk factors for the development of squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred thirty\u2010seven SLE patients with a normal Papanicolaou (Pap) smear at baseline were evaluated at 6\u2010month intervals for up to 3 years. At each visit, a Pap smear, human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA test, and clinical assessment were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among the 137 patients, there were 12 incident cases (8.8%) of SIL over a median followup duration of 30.7 months (interquartile range 25.5\u201331.7). Among the 30 patients with HPV infection detectable by DNA testing at baseline, 9 (30%) developed SIL. The independent risk factors for the incident SIL in this group of SLE patients included the use of cyclophosphamide (CYC) ever (odds ratio [OR] 5.6, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.1\u201329.3;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.041) and persistent high\u2010risk HPV infection (OR 26.9, 95% CI 3.2\u2013222.3;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.002). The use of baseline HPV testing has a higher sensitivity than abnormal cytology (defined as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance; 47.7% versus 33.3%) in predicting the development of SIL.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Independent risk factors associated with the development of SIL in SLE patients included persistent high\u2010risk HPV infection and the use of CYC. Low\u2010risk patients who receive negative test results on both cervical cytology screening and HPV DNA testing may not need to be rescreened within 3 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,10,1]],"date-time":"2010-10-01T15:09:30Z","timestamp":1285945770000},"page":"269-276","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Risk factors for squamous intraepithelial lesions in systemic lupus erythematosus: A prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"Lai\u2010Shan","family":"Tam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul K. S.","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suzanne C.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei\u2010Yung","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"So\u2010Fan","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tak\u2010Hong","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin C. S.","family":"Wong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo L. K.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edmund K.","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199909)189:1<12::AID-PATH431>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"675","article-title":"Natural history of cervical human papillomavirus lesions does not substantiate the biologic relevance of the Bethesda System","volume":"79","author":"Syrjanen K","year":"1992","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","first-page":"160","article-title":"Biologic course of cervical human papillomavirus infection","volume":"69","author":"Nash JD","year":"1987","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120339400300112"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/gyno.2001.6207"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780240503"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.20616"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22667"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-125-7-199610010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096120330000900711"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","first-page":"1763","article-title":"Increased incidence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in women with systemic lupus erythematosus treated with intravenous cyclophosphamide","volume":"31","author":"Ognenovski VM","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400928"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.090644"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780350606"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780390303"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21299"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.1.357-361.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(05)70086-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa021641"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf180"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","first-page":"484","article-title":"Update: National Breast and Cervical Cancer Early Detection Program\u2014July 1991\u2013September 1995","volume":"45","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"1996","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.23.2995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1380"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199802123380703"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2569"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a1754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.21955"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa071430"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn065"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3181c6f8a4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21675"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kel396"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; 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