{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T22:54:56Z","timestamp":1782514496591,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,29]],"date-time":"2011-11-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1322524800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To define the effects of continuous sequential estrogen plus progestin therapy on menopausal symptoms in women with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We performed a randomized, double\u2010blind, 24\u2010month clinical trial involving 106 women with SLE who were in the menopausal transition or early or late postmenopause. Patients received continuous sequential estrogen plus progestin (n = 52) or placebo (n = 54). Menopausal symptoms were assessed using the Greene Climacteric Scale at 0, 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21, and 24 months. A new factor analysis of the scale reduced 21 items to 5 factors. The primary outcome was improvement of menopausal symptoms throughout the followup period. Results were analyzed by the intent\u2010to\u2010treat principle.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>At baseline, demographic and disease characteristics were similar in both groups. Fifteen of 21 menopausal symptoms had a prevalence of \u226550%, with a similar distribution between groups. Vasomotor factor scores decreased over time in both groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), but in the estrogen plus progestin group the reduction was more pronounced than in the placebo group (1.5\u20132.0 versus 0.35\u20130.8 points on a scale of 0\u20136; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.03). Maximum effects were observed among the most symptomatic women. Psychological, subjective\u2013somatic, and organic\u2013somatic factors scores also improved along time (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001), but the treatment and placebo arms improved to a similar degree. Thromboses occurred in 3 patients receiving estrogen plus progestin and in 1 patient receiving placebo.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Menopausal symptoms are highly prevalent in peri\u2010 and postmenopausal lupus patients. Estrogen plus progestin improved vasomotor symptoms at a clinically significant level, but not other menopausal symptoms. Given the thrombotic risks of menopausal hormone therapy, this should be used only in women with significant vasomotor symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T01:29:43Z","timestamp":1314840583000},"page":"1654-1663","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Efficacy of estrogen plus progestin on menopausal symptoms in women with systemic lupus erythematosus: A randomized, double\u2010blind, controlled 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