{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:41:18Z","timestamp":1791103278454,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,27]],"date-time":"2012-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1351296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The interleukin\u20106 pathway is up\u2010regulated in giant cell arteritis (GCA), Takayasu arteritis (TA), and polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). We retrospectively assessed the outcomes of 10 patients with relapsing\/refractory GCA, TA, or PMR treated with tocilizumab (TCZ).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Patients with GCA (n = 7), TA (n = 2), and PMR (n = 1) received TCZ. Seven subjects had failed at least 1 second\u2010line agent. The outcomes evaluated were symptoms of disease activity, inflammatory markers, ability to taper glucocorticoids, and cross\u2010sectional imaging when indicated clinically.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The mean followup time of this cohort since diagnosis was 27 months (range 16\u201360 months). The patients were treated with TCZ for a mean period of 7.8 months (range 4\u201312 months). Before TCZ therapy, the patients experienced an average of 2.4 flares\/year. All patients entered and maintained clinical remission during TCZ therapy. The mean daily prednisone dosages before and after TCZ initiation were 20.8 mg\/day (range 7\u201334.3 mg\/day) and 4.1 mg\/day (range 0\u201310.7 mg\/day), respectively (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001). The mean erythrocyte sedimentation rate declined from 41.5 mm\/hour (range 11\u201368 mm\/hour) to 7 mm\/hour (range 2.2\u201311.3 mm\/hour;\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.0001). The adverse effects of TCZ included mild neutropenia (n = 4) and transaminitis (n = 4). One patient flared 2 months after TCZ discontinuation. An autopsy on 1 patient who died from a postoperative myocardial infarction following elective surgery revealed persistent vasculitis of large and medium\u2010sized arteries.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>TCZ therapy led to clinical and serologic improvement in patients with refractory\/relapsing GCA, TA, or PMR. The demonstration of persistent large\u2010vessel vasculitis at autopsy of 1 patient who had shown a substantial response requires close scrutiny in larger studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21750","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,5]],"date-time":"2012-06-05T14:46:48Z","timestamp":1338907608000},"page":"1720-1729","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":237,"title":["Tocilizumab for the treatment of large\u2010vessel vasculitis (giant cell arteritis, Takayasu arteritis) and polymyalgia rheumatica"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"S.","family":"Unizony","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"L.","family":"Arias\u2010Urdaneta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.","family":"Miloslavsky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Arvikar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Khosroshahi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Keroack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. R.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J. H.","family":"Stone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.088351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_2","first-page":"213","article-title":"Polymyalgia rheumatica and giant cell arteritis; diagnosis and side effects of low\u2010dose long\u2010term glucocorticoid therapy","volume":"51","author":"Hatz HJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22404"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.11388"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-120-11-199406010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-134-2-200101160-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_2","first-page":"495","article-title":"A prospective, double\u2010blind, randomized, placebo controlled trial of methotrexate in the treatment of giant cell arteritis (GCA)","volume":"19","author":"Spiera RF","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10867"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-103-1-121"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10067-009-1333-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/37.4.464"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_2","first-page":"373","article-title":"Treatment of giant cell arteritis with cyclophosphamide pulses","volume":"232","author":"De Vita S","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.45.2.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22754"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-146-9-200705010-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780370420"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2008.093260"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar565"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200005)43:5<1041::AID-ANR12>3.0.CO;2-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.09.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100717"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60454-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2004.01.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-010-1631-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6262"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330811"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.40.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"w13156","DOI":"10.4414\/smw.2011.13156","article-title":"Rapid induction of remission in large vessel vasculitis by IL\u20106 blockade: a case series","volume":"141","author":"Seitz M","year":"2011","journal-title":"Swiss Med Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.149351"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091185"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.23373"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.110496"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker296"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.872903"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.34327"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.20030850"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.24126"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0707449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1178334"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature04753"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1167\/iovs.10-6272"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0809850105"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kei266"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.10.1788"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00296-009-0953-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2008-05-155846"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2008.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_2","first-page":"S750","article-title":"Drug free remission after cessation of tocilizumab (actemra) monotherapy (DREAM Study)","volume":"62","author":"Nishimoto N","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arthritis Rheum"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(200004)43:4<901::AID-ANR23>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semarthrit.2006.12.005"}],"container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Facr.21750","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/acr.21750","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,2]],"date-time":"2025-10-02T15:41:23Z","timestamp":1759419683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acrjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/acr.21750"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,27]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/acr.21750"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/acr.21750","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["2151-464X","2151-4658"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2151-464X","type":"print"},{"value":"2151-4658","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,27]]}}}