{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T23:16:27Z","timestamp":1789600587690,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,28]],"date-time":"2012-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1348790400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate whether rates of serious infection with anti\u2013tumor necrosis factor (anti\u2010TNF) therapy in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients differ in magnitude by specific drugs and patient characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among new nonbiologic disease\u2010modifying antirheumatic drug users enrolled in Medicare and Medicaid or a large US commercial health plan, we created and validated a person\u2010specific infection risk score based on age, demographics, insurance type, glucocorticoid dose, and comorbidities to identify patients at high risk for hospitalized infections. We then applied this risk score to new users of infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab and compared the observed 1\u2010year rates of infection to one another and to the predicted infection risk score estimated in the absence of anti\u2010TNF exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 11,657 RA patients initiating anti\u2010TNF therapy, the observed 1\u2010year rate of infection was 14.2 infections per 100 person\u2010years in older patients (age \u226565 years) and 4.8 in younger patients (age &lt;65 years). There was a relatively constant rate difference of \u223c1\u20134 infections per 100 person\u2010years associated with anti\u2010TNF therapy across the range of the infection risk score. Infliximab had a significantly greater adjusted rate of infection compared to etanercept and adalimumab in both high\u2010 and lower\u2010risk RA patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rate of serious infections for anti\u2010TNF agents was incrementally increased by a fixed absolute difference irrespective of age, comorbidities, and other factors that contributed to infections. Older patients and those with high comorbidity burdens should be reassured that the magnitude of their incremental risk with anti\u2010TNF agents is not greater than for lower\u2010risk patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21805","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,30]],"date-time":"2012-09-30T09:10:03Z","timestamp":1348996203000},"page":"1480-1489","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Use of a disease risk score to compare serious infections associated with anti\u2013tumor necrosis factor therapy among high\u2010 versus lower\u2010risk rheumatoid arthritis patients"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Curtis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fenglong","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lang","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paul","family":"Muntner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos G.","family":"Grijalva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Spettell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joaquim","family":"Fernandes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raechele M.","family":"Mcmahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John W.","family":"Baddley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth G.","family":"Saag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Beukelman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth","family":"Delzell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.22504"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2006.062760"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.146"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.21386"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kep325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.295.19.2275"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1692"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.849166"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2010.146365"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2196"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg231"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2008.06.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a112339"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1845"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwi106"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_2","unstructured":"WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool. 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