{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T18:47:09Z","timestamp":1790448429875,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,28]],"date-time":"2013-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364428800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare electromyographic (EMG), kinematic, kinetic, and ultrasound (US) features of pes plano valgus associated with US\u2010confirmed tibialis posterior (TP) tenosynovitis in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and healthy control subjects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this cross\u2010sectional study, patients with RA and US\u2010confirmed tenosynovitis of TP underwent gait analysis, including 3\u2010dimensional kinematics, kinetics, and intramuscular EMG of TP, and findings were compared with a group of healthy individuals. The RA group also underwent B mode and power Doppler US scanning of the TP tendon to assess and score levels of pathology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ten patients with RA, median (range) disease duration of 3 years (1\u201318 years), and 5 control subjects were recruited. Compared to control subjects, the RA patients walked slower and presented with moderate levels of foot\u2010related disability. The mean \u00b1 SD Disease Activity Score in 28 joints was 4.6 \u00b1 1.6. Increased magnitude of TP activity was recorded in the RA group compared to controls in the contact period of stance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.007), in conjunction with reduced ankle joint power (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), reduced navicular height in the medial arch (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.023), and increased forefoot dorsiflexion (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027). TP tendon thickening, fluid, and power Doppler signal were observed in the majority of patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study has demonstrated, for the first time, increased TP EMG activity in the presence of US\u2010confirmed TP tenosynovitis in RA. Altered muscle function occurred in conjunction with suboptimal mechanics, moderate levels of tendon pathology, and active disease. Targeted therapy may be warranted to reduce inflammation and mechanically off\u2010load diseased tendon states.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.21859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,10,20]],"date-time":"2012-10-20T06:10:11Z","timestamp":1350713411000},"page":"495-502","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":52,"title":["Tibialis Posterior Tenosynovitis and Associated Pes Plano Valgus in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Electromyography, Multisegment Foot Kinematics, and Ultrasound Features"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Ruth","family":"Barn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deborah E.","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Rafferty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger 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