{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T20:19:33Z","timestamp":1791231573504,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,1]],"date-time":"2013-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1383264000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antiphospholipid Syndrome Alliance For Clinical Trials and International Networking (APS ACTION) is an international research network devoted to conducting well\u2010designed clinical trials in persistently antiphospholipid antibody (aPL)\u2013positive patients. One of the first needs of APS ACTION was to know the true aPL frequency in patients with pregnancy morbidity (PM), stroke (ST), myocardial infarction (MI), and deep venous thrombosis (DVT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The search for \u201caPL\u201d and multiple keywords regarding the outcomes of interest was completed in PubMed. The median frequency for positive aPL tests (lupus anticoagulant, antibody against cardiolipin [aCL], and antibody against \u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \u2010glycoprotein I [anti\u2010\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      GPI]) was calculated for each outcome and was used to estimate the overall aPL frequency.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Based on the analysis of 120 full\u2010text papers, the overall aPL frequency was estimated as 6% for PM, 13.5% for ST, 11% for MI, and 9.5% for DVT. Limitations of the literature were that 60% of the papers were published before 2000, all 3 criteria aPL tests were performed in only 11% of the papers, 36% of papers used a low\u2010titer aCL cutoff, anti\u2010\u03b2\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      GPI cutoff was quite heterogeneous, aPL confirmation was performed in only one\u2010fifth of papers, and the study design was retrospective in nearly half of the papers.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>It is difficult to determine the frequency of a \u201cclinically significant aPL profile\u201d in patients with aPL\u2010related clinical outcomes due to the lack of robust data. Our best estimates of the incidence of aPL\u2010associated events should be confirmed with appropriately designed population studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22066","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,7,16]],"date-time":"2013-07-16T11:12:43Z","timestamp":1373973163000},"page":"1869-1873","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":331,"title":["Estimated Frequency of Antiphospholipid Antibodies in Patients With Pregnancy Morbidity, Stroke, Myocardial Infarction, and Deep Vein Thrombosis: A Critical Review of the Literature"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"65","author":[{"given":"Laura","family":"Andreoli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Brescia Brescia Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia B.","family":"Chighizola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Istituto Auxologico Italiano, University of Milan Milan Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Banzato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Padua Padua Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guillermo J.","family":"Pons\u2010Estel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Cl\u00ednic de Medicina i Dermatologia, Hospital Cl\u00ednic Barcelona, Catalonia Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guilherme Ramire","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doruk","family":"Erkan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Barbara Volcker Center for Women and Rheumatic Diseases, Hospital for Special Surgery, and Weill Medical College of Cornell University New York New York"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"on behalf of APS ACTION","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrrheum.2011.52"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1538-7836.2006.01753.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203310395053"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0961203312437810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199907)42:7<1309::AID-ANR1>3.0.CO;2-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humupd\/8.4.333"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0015-0282(16)58382-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2009","volume":"60","author":"Martin JA","year":"2011","journal-title":"Natl Vit Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/CIR.0b013e3182456d46"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000078468.11849.66"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","unstructured":"United States Census. 2010 census data products. 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