{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,22]],"date-time":"2025-10-22T17:55:15Z","timestamp":1761155715029,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]],"date-time":"2014-01-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1390867200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with acute sarcoidosis frequently present with bilateral painful swelling of the ankles, establishing ankle arthritis as a hallmark of Lofgren's syndrome. Standardized high\u2010resolution musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS), including power Doppler, has been utilized to further characterize the nature of ankle swelling in patients presenting with Lofgren's syndrome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The ankle joints of 36 consecutive patients with Lofgren's syndrome were investigated by high\u2010resolution MSUS using B\u2010mode and power Doppler mode. The presence of effusion\/synovitis and tenosynovitis was determined, and hyperperfusion was scored in a semiquantitative fashion (grade 0\u20133).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of patients (26 [72.2%] of 36) did not present characteristic arthrosonographic findings of an acute arthritis (distension of the capsule and hyperperfusion). Ankle joint effusion was only observed in 9 (25%) of the 36 patients, with a generally mild character (grade I ankle joint effusion: n = 8 [88.8%], grade II ankle joint effusion: n = 1 [11.2%]). In contrast, an extensive subcutaneous edema indicating periarthritis was detected in 23 (92%) of 25 patients. In addition, tenosynovitis could be visualized in 14 patients (38.8%) using MSUS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Utilizing MSUS, including power Doppler, the present results clearly demonstrate that ankle swelling in patients with Lofgren's syndrome is predominantly due to periarticular soft tissue swelling and tenosynovitis. In contrast, distinct articular synovitis is rare and if present, only to a mild degree, without relevant power Doppler activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22099","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,8]],"date-time":"2013-08-08T01:04:50Z","timestamp":1375923890000},"page":"318-322","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Evaluation of Ankle Swelling Due to Lofgren's Syndrome: A Pilot Study Using B\u2010Mode and Power Doppler Ultrasonography"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"E.","family":"Le Bras","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Asklepios Clinic, Bad Abbach, and University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Ehrenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asklepios Clinic Bad Abbach Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Fleck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asklepios Clinic, Bad Abbach, and University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"W.","family":"Hartung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Asklepios Clinic Bad Abbach Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0954-6820.1952.tb13864.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12888-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","first-page":"149","article-title":"ATS\/ERS\/WASOG statement on sarcoidosis: American Thoracic Society\/European Respiratory Society\/World Association of Sarcoidosis and other Granulomatous Disorders","volume":"16","author":"Hunninghake GW","year":"1999","journal-title":"Sarcoidosis Vasc Diffuse Lung Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"113","article-title":"Clinical manifestation, prevalence and prognosis of sarcoid arthropathy: a nationwide study. 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