{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T07:17:52Z","timestamp":1790839072455,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]],"date-time":"2013-12-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1387843200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Arthritis Care &amp;amp; Research"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Color Doppler ultrasonography (CDUS) can detect inflammation in the vessel wall. No studies have evaluated the examination of the common carotid artery by CDUS in the diagnostics of giant cell arteritis (GCA). Our aim was to evaluate the combination of CDUS examination of the temporal, axillary, and common carotid arteries in the diagnosis of GCA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients ages \u226550 years who were referred to our department between April 2010 and October 2012 and suspected to have GCA were consecutively examined. A positive clinical evaluation for GCA 6 months after the first evaluation by 3 rheumatologists was considered as the gold diagnostic standard. All patients underwent CDUS of the temporal, axillary, and common carotid arteries. A biopsy of the temporal artery was performed for most patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 88 patients were assessed. Forty\u2010six patients were diagnosed to have GCA by the defined gold standard. Forty\u2010eight patients had a positive CDUS of the temporal artery. Forty\u2010six patients diagnosed with GCA had a positive CDUS of the temporal, common carotid, and axillary arteries (100% sensitivity) and 4 patients had a positive CDUS without having GCA (91% specificity). Among the 39 GCA patients that underwent a biopsy, vasculitis was observed in 26 patients (66%), yielding a sensitivity of 67% and a specificity of 95%.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CDUS of the common carotid, axillary, and temporal arteries had an excellent sensitivity and high specificity to diagnose GCA. CDUS has the potential to replace biopsy in ordinary clinical care without compromising on sensitivity and specificity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.22178","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,8]],"date-time":"2013-10-08T10:24:14Z","timestamp":1381227854000},"page":"113-119","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":111,"title":["Diagnostic Value of Color Doppler Ultrasonography of Temporal Arteries and Large Vessels in Giant Cell Arteritis: A Consecutive Case Series"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"66","author":[{"given":"Andreas P.","family":"Diamantopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Southern Norway Trust, Kristiansand, and Norwegian University of Science and Technology Trondheim Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenn","family":"Haugeberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Southern Norway Trust and University of Agder Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helene","family":"Hetland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Southern Norway Trust Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dag M.","family":"Soldal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Southern Norway Trust Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rolf","family":"Bie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Southern Norway Trust Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Geirmund","family":"Myklebust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital of Southern Norway Trust Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e3280119877"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01450893"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra011913"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780330810"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","first-page":"1279","article-title":"Temporal artery biopsy for giant cell arteritis","volume":"32","author":"Taylor\u2010Gjevre R","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/03009749709065704"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","first-page":"2165","article-title":"Temporal arteritis associated with systemic necrotizing vasculitis","volume":"30","author":"Hamidou MA","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1529-0131(199912)42:12<2674::AID-ANR25>3.0.CO;2-A"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.53.2.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Comparison between color duplex ultrasonography and histology of the temporal artery in cranial arteritis (giant cell arteritis)","volume":"8","author":"Schmidt D","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/BOR.0b013e32831cec7b"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/annrheumdis-2011-200795"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.100353"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199711063371902"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-5-200503010-00011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/ar2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-11-44"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.7252"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/kem322"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/rheumatology\/ker329"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"Temporal Artery Biopsy Versus Ultrasound in Diagnosis of GCA (TABUL).2010. 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